HM Treasury is the government’s economic and finance ministry, maintaining control over public spending, setting the direction of the UK’s economic policy and working to achieve strong and sustainable economic growth.
This inquiry will examine quantitative tightening, including its impact on the economy and its fiscal costs. It will also investigate …
Oral Answers to Questions is a regularly scheduled appearance where the Secretary of State and junior minister will answer at the Dispatch Box questions from backbench MPs
Other Commons Chamber appearances can be:Westminster Hall debates are performed in response to backbench MPs or e-petitions asking for a Minister to address a detailed issue
Written Statements are made when a current event is not sufficiently significant to require an Oral Statement, but the House is required to be informed.
HM Treasury does not have Bills currently before Parliament
A Bill to make provision in connection with finance.
This Bill received Royal Assent on 18th March 2026 and was enacted into law.
A Bill to Authorise the use of resources for the years ending with 31 March 2025, 31 March 2026 and 31 March 2027; to authorise the issue of sums out of the Consolidated Fund for those years; and to appropriate the supply authorised by this Act for the years ending with 31 March 2025 and 31 March 2026.
This Bill received Royal Assent on 18th March 2026 and was enacted into law.
A Bill to Authorise the use of resources for the year ending with 31 March 2026; to authorise both the issue of sums out of the Consolidated Fund and the application of income for that year; and to appropriate the supply authorised for that year by this Act and by the Supply and Appropriation (Anticipation and Adjustments) Act 2025.
This Bill received Royal Assent on 21st July 2025 and was enacted into law.
A Bill to make provision about secondary Class 1 contributions.
This Bill received Royal Assent on 3rd April 2025 and was enacted into law.
A Bill to make provision about finance.
This Bill received Royal Assent on 20th March 2025 and was enacted into law.
A Bill to amend the Crown Estate Act 1961.
This Bill received Royal Assent on 11th March 2025 and was enacted into law.
A Bill to Authorise the use of resources for the years ending with 31 March 2024, 31 March 2025 and 31 March 2026; to authorise the issue of sums out of the Consolidated Fund for those years; and to appropriate the supply authorised by this Act for the years ending with 31 March 2024 and 31 March 2025.
This Bill received Royal Assent on 11th March 2025 and was enacted into law.
A Bill to make provision for loans or other financial assistance to be provided to, or for the benefit of, the government of Ukraine.
This Bill received Royal Assent on 16th January 2025 and was enacted into law.
A Bill to impose duties on the Treasury and the Office for Budget Responsibility in respect of the announcement of fiscally significant measures.
This Bill received Royal Assent on 10th September 2024 and was enacted into law.
A Bill to authorise the use of resources for the year ending with 31 March 2025; to authorise both the issue of sums out of the Consolidated Fund and the application of income for that year; and to appropriate the supply authorised for that year by this Act and by the Supply and Appropriation (Anticipation and Adjustments) Act 2024.
This Bill received Royal Assent on 30th July 2024 and was enacted into law.
e-Petitions are administered by Parliament and allow members of the public to express support for a particular issue.
If an e-petition reaches 10,000 signatures the Government will issue a written response.
If an e-petition reaches 100,000 signatures the petition becomes eligible for a Parliamentary debate (usually Monday 4.30pm in Westminster Hall).
Raise the income tax personal allowance from £12,570 to £20,000
Gov Responded - 20 Feb 2025 Debated on - 12 May 2025Raise the income tax personal allowance from £12570 to £20000. We think this would help low earners to get off benefits and allow pensioners a decent income.
Don't change inheritance tax relief for working farms
Gov Responded - 5 Dec 2024 Debated on - 10 Feb 2025We think that changing inheritance tax relief for agricultural land will devastate farms nationwide, forcing families to sell land and assets just to stay on their property. We urge the government to keep the current exemptions for working farms.
Don't apply VAT to independent school fees, or remove business rates relief.
Gov Responded - 20 Dec 2024 Debated on - 3 Mar 2025Prevent independent schools from having to pay VAT on fees and incurring business rates as a result of new legislation.
Commons Select Committees are a formally established cross-party group of backbench MPs tasked with holding a Government department to account.
At any time there will be number of ongoing investigations into the work of the Department, or issues which fall within the oversight of the Department. Witnesses can be summoned from within the Government and outside to assist in these inquiries.
Select Committee findings are reported to the Commons, printed, and published on the Parliament website. The government then usually has 60 days to reply to the committee's recommendations.
The current staff provided by Managed Service Providers (MSPs) represent additional capacity in 2025/26. HMRC staff will not be made redundant as a result of this initiative.
Other Government Departments (OGDs) already use MSP contracts to provide additional workforce flexibility. HMRC are currently in an initial approximately 18 month ‘proof of value’ phase using existing Government contracts. This will allow them to test, learn and ensure quality and value for money before wider implementation.
HMRC provides the initial training for the services covered by the MSPs, before approving suppliers to train subsequent cohorts of staff themselves. All operational guidance is developed, owned and updated by HMRC, and HMRC retains full decision‑making authority, with a dedicated team actively managing the partnership.
Callers are not informed whether the person they are speaking to is employed by HMRC or an MSP, as the service which they receive is the same. OGDs also take this approach.
The current staff provided by Managed Service Providers (MSPs) represent additional capacity in 2025/26. HMRC staff will not be made redundant as a result of this initiative.
Other Government Departments (OGDs) already use MSP contracts to provide additional workforce flexibility. HMRC are currently in an initial approximately 18 month ‘proof of value’ phase using existing Government contracts. This will allow them to test, learn and ensure quality and value for money before wider implementation.
HMRC provides the initial training for the services covered by the MSPs, before approving suppliers to train subsequent cohorts of staff themselves. All operational guidance is developed, owned and updated by HMRC, and HMRC retains full decision‑making authority, with a dedicated team actively managing the partnership.
Callers are not informed whether the person they are speaking to is employed by HMRC or an MSP, as the service which they receive is the same. OGDs also take this approach.
The current staff provided by Managed Service Providers (MSPs) represent additional capacity in 2025/26. HMRC staff will not be made redundant as a result of this initiative.
Other Government Departments (OGDs) already use MSP contracts to provide additional workforce flexibility. HMRC are currently in an initial approximately 18 month ‘proof of value’ phase using existing Government contracts. This will allow them to test, learn and ensure quality and value for money before wider implementation.
HMRC provides the initial training for the services covered by the MSPs, before approving suppliers to train subsequent cohorts of staff themselves. All operational guidance is developed, owned and updated by HMRC, and HMRC retains full decision‑making authority, with a dedicated team actively managing the partnership.
Callers are not informed whether the person they are speaking to is employed by HMRC or an MSP, as the service which they receive is the same. OGDs also take this approach.
The current staff provided by Managed Service Providers (MSPs) represent additional capacity in 2025/26. HMRC staff will not be made redundant as a result of this initiative.
Other Government Departments (OGDs) already use MSP contracts to provide additional workforce flexibility. HMRC are currently in an initial approximately 18 month ‘proof of value’ phase using existing Government contracts. This will allow them to test, learn and ensure quality and value for money before wider implementation.
HMRC provides the initial training for the services covered by the MSPs, before approving suppliers to train subsequent cohorts of staff themselves. All operational guidance is developed, owned and updated by HMRC, and HMRC retains full decision‑making authority, with a dedicated team actively managing the partnership.
Callers are not informed whether the person they are speaking to is employed by HMRC or an MSP, as the service which they receive is the same. OGDs also take this approach.
The current staff provided by Managed Service Providers (MSPs) represent additional capacity in 2025/26. HMRC staff will not be made redundant as a result of this initiative.
Other Government Departments (OGDs) already use MSP contracts to provide additional workforce flexibility. HMRC are currently in an initial approximately 18 month ‘proof of value’ phase using existing Government contracts. This will allow them to test, learn and ensure quality and value for money before wider implementation.
HMRC provides the initial training for the services covered by the MSPs, before approving suppliers to train subsequent cohorts of staff themselves. All operational guidance is developed, owned and updated by HMRC, and HMRC retains full decision‑making authority, with a dedicated team actively managing the partnership.
Callers are not informed whether the person they are speaking to is employed by HMRC or an MSP, as the service which they receive is the same. OGDs also take this approach.
The correspondence from the hon. Member for West Suffolk is receiving attention and a response will be issued as soon as it is practical to do so.
Other Government Departments (OGDs) already use MSP contracts to provide additional workforce flexibility. HMRC are currently in an initial approximately 18 month ‘proof of value’ phase using existing Government contracts. This will allow them to test, learn and ensure quality and value for money before wider implementation.
Due to the design of the contract, HMRC can only confirm costs retrospectively. Much of the oversight work utilises existing HMRC staff who do that work for their internal services, thereby ensuring continuity across the services. Overall the projected cost for 12 months was approximately £23m.
HMRC are conducting a joint evaluation, at quarterly intervals, of the performance of the MSP including its value for money with the Trade Unions which will include customer satisfaction, quality, productivity and other metrics.
HMRC provides the initial training for the services covered by the MSPs, before approving suppliers to train subsequent cohorts of staff themselves. All operational guidance is developed, owned and updated by HMRC, and HMRC retains full decision‑making authority, with a dedicated team actively managing the partnership.
Other Government Departments (OGDs) already use MSP contracts to provide additional workforce flexibility. HMRC are currently in an initial approximately 18 month ‘proof of value’ phase using existing Government contracts. This will allow them to test, learn and ensure quality and value for money before wider implementation.
Due to the design of the contract, HMRC can only confirm costs retrospectively. Much of the oversight work utilises existing HMRC staff who do that work for their internal services, thereby ensuring continuity across the services. Overall the projected cost for 12 months was approximately £23m.
HMRC are conducting a joint evaluation, at quarterly intervals, of the performance of the MSP including its value for money with the Trade Unions which will include customer satisfaction, quality, productivity and other metrics.
HMRC provides the initial training for the services covered by the MSPs, before approving suppliers to train subsequent cohorts of staff themselves. All operational guidance is developed, owned and updated by HMRC, and HMRC retains full decision‑making authority, with a dedicated team actively managing the partnership.
Other Government Departments (OGDs) already use MSP contracts to provide additional workforce flexibility. HMRC are currently in an initial approximately 18 month ‘proof of value’ phase using existing Government contracts. This will allow them to test, learn and ensure quality and value for money before wider implementation.
Due to the design of the contract, HMRC can only confirm costs retrospectively. Much of the oversight work utilises existing HMRC staff who do that work for their internal services, thereby ensuring continuity across the services. Overall the projected cost for 12 months was approximately £23m.
HMRC are conducting a joint evaluation, at quarterly intervals, of the performance of the MSP including its value for money with the Trade Unions which will include customer satisfaction, quality, productivity and other metrics.
HMRC provides the initial training for the services covered by the MSPs, before approving suppliers to train subsequent cohorts of staff themselves. All operational guidance is developed, owned and updated by HMRC, and HMRC retains full decision‑making authority, with a dedicated team actively managing the partnership.
The current staff provided by MSPs represent additional capacity for 2025/26. The proportion of frontline customer contact work delivered by MSP staff is small compared to the proportion of work handled by HMRC staff. No HMRC staff will be made redundant as a result of this initiative. HMRC headcount is forecast to increase by the end of the Spending Review 2025 period.
HMRC are not privatising their services and there are no plans to outsource customer contact services beyond this limited contract for additional capacity in 2025/26. HMRC intends the expertise behind customer support to remain within HMRC.
HMRC will continue to use a range of resourcing models, including Surge, alongside the use of MSPs, to meet variable customer demand. With a complex mix of transformation, resourcing models and impacts from external events it is difficult to attribute work to single things or make statements about permanent approaches. Future workforce decisions will be taken through normal business planning and Spending Review processes.
HMRC are currently in an initial approximately 18 month ‘proof of value’ phase using existing Government contracts. Whilst HMRC sees MSPs as part of its resourcing mix going forward, a joint HMRC and PCS evaluation will take place to inform future use, beyond the next 12 months.
The current staff provided by MSPs represent additional capacity for 2025/26. The proportion of frontline customer contact work delivered by MSP staff is small compared to the proportion of work handled by HMRC staff. No HMRC staff will be made redundant as a result of this initiative. HMRC headcount is forecast to increase by the end of the Spending Review 2025 period.
HMRC are not privatising their services and there are no plans to outsource customer contact services beyond this limited contract for additional capacity in 2025/26. HMRC intends the expertise behind customer support to remain within HMRC.
HMRC will continue to use a range of resourcing models, including Surge, alongside the use of MSPs, to meet variable customer demand. With a complex mix of transformation, resourcing models and impacts from external events it is difficult to attribute work to single things or make statements about permanent approaches. Future workforce decisions will be taken through normal business planning and Spending Review processes.
HMRC are currently in an initial approximately 18 month ‘proof of value’ phase using existing Government contracts. Whilst HMRC sees MSPs as part of its resourcing mix going forward, a joint HMRC and PCS evaluation will take place to inform future use, beyond the next 12 months.
The current staff provided by MSPs represent additional capacity for 2025/26. The proportion of frontline customer contact work delivered by MSP staff is small compared to the proportion of work handled by HMRC staff. No HMRC staff will be made redundant as a result of this initiative. HMRC headcount is forecast to increase by the end of the Spending Review 2025 period.
HMRC are not privatising their services and there are no plans to outsource customer contact services beyond this limited contract for additional capacity in 2025/26. HMRC intends the expertise behind customer support to remain within HMRC.
HMRC will continue to use a range of resourcing models, including Surge, alongside the use of MSPs, to meet variable customer demand. With a complex mix of transformation, resourcing models and impacts from external events it is difficult to attribute work to single things or make statements about permanent approaches. Future workforce decisions will be taken through normal business planning and Spending Review processes.
HMRC are currently in an initial approximately 18 month ‘proof of value’ phase using existing Government contracts. Whilst HMRC sees MSPs as part of its resourcing mix going forward, a joint HMRC and PCS evaluation will take place to inform future use, beyond the next 12 months.
The current staff provided by MSPs represent additional capacity for 2025/26. The proportion of frontline customer contact work delivered by MSP staff is small compared to the proportion of work handled by HMRC staff. No HMRC staff will be made redundant as a result of this initiative. HMRC headcount is forecast to increase by the end of the Spending Review 2025 period.
HMRC are not privatising their services and there are no plans to outsource customer contact services beyond this limited contract for additional capacity in 2025/26. HMRC intends the expertise behind customer support to remain within HMRC.
HMRC will continue to use a range of resourcing models, including Surge, alongside the use of MSPs, to meet variable customer demand. With a complex mix of transformation, resourcing models and impacts from external events it is difficult to attribute work to single things or make statements about permanent approaches. Future workforce decisions will be taken through normal business planning and Spending Review processes.
HMRC are currently in an initial approximately 18 month ‘proof of value’ phase using existing Government contracts. Whilst HMRC sees MSPs as part of its resourcing mix going forward, a joint HMRC and PCS evaluation will take place to inform future use, beyond the next 12 months.
The current staff provided by MSPs represent additional capacity for 2025/26. The proportion of frontline customer contact work delivered by MSP staff is small compared to the proportion of work handled by HMRC staff. No HMRC staff will be made redundant as a result of this initiative. HMRC headcount is forecast to increase by the end of the Spending Review 2025 period.
HMRC are not privatising their services and there are no plans to outsource customer contact services beyond this limited contract for additional capacity in 2025/26. HMRC intends the expertise behind customer support to remain within HMRC.
HMRC will continue to use a range of resourcing models, including Surge, alongside the use of MSPs, to meet variable customer demand. With a complex mix of transformation, resourcing models and impacts from external events it is difficult to attribute work to single things or make statements about permanent approaches. Future workforce decisions will be taken through normal business planning and Spending Review processes.
HMRC are currently in an initial approximately 18 month ‘proof of value’ phase using existing Government contracts. Whilst HMRC sees MSPs as part of its resourcing mix going forward, a joint HMRC and PCS evaluation will take place to inform future use, beyond the next 12 months.
The Government is committed to making home ownership more accessible by supporting first-time buyers, and welcomes changes made last year to support homeowners. The FCA clarifications to their affordability testing rules have been adopted by 85% of the market and should allow customers to borrow around 10% more on the same income.
Additional flexibility from the Bank of England in relation to their loan-to-income rules are also allowing more customers to access larger mortgages in relation to their incomes. The Bank of England estimates that this change provide capacity for lenders to support up to 36,000 additional first-time buyers in the first year.
The UK also benefits from a competitive mortgage market that offers various low deposit products; prospective buyers are encouraged to shop around and speak to a mortgage broker to find the best possible product for their circumstances.
As a Government, we recognise the impact that previous Government terms can have on graduates’ finances. The government is capping the maximum interest rates on Plan 2 and 3 student loans at 6% from 1 September, for the 2026/27 academic year, delivering stability and protections for graduates from escalating student loan interest. We will continue to keep the terms of the student loan system under review to ensure that it is sustainable and fair for both students and taxpayers.
The Treasury keeps legislation under review considering operational readiness, Cabinet Office guidance and wider priorities. Policy teams monitor provisions that have not been commenced and consider when to bring forward commencement orders, drawing on legal and legislative advice where needed. The department remains in regular contact with Parliament to undertake required post-legislative scrutiny, including consideration of measures not yet commenced.
There are 255 individuals and 88 entities or groups designated under the ISIL (Da’esh) and Al-Qaida (United Nations Sanctions) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019. The UK funds and economic resources owned, held or controlled by persons listed under this regime are frozen.
UK persons are also prohibited from dealing with the assets of Designated Persons, either directly or indirectly. The Office of Financial Sanctions Implementation will continue to investigate any breaches of financial sanctions.
UK sanctions legislation does not provide powers to seize frozen assets. Assets owned or controlled by a designated person are frozen immediately by the person in possession or control of them and does not involve a change in ownership.
No such estimates have been made. In recognition of the impact of the revaluation on bills, the Government has introduced a support package worth £4.3 billion to protect ratepayers against large overnight increases in bills.
Recording studios are a vital part of the infrastructure of the music industry. The Government is doubling funding for the Music Growth Package, which will support the music ecosystem across both live and electronic music – from grassroots venues, festivals, recording and rehearsal studios to artists, songwriters, independent labels, managers, and promoters working in all genres of music.
The Government will continue to engage closely with the sector to understand ongoing pressures and ensure the UK remains a globally competitive place to create, record and produce music.
No such estimates have been made. In recognition of the impact of the revaluation on bills, the Government has introduced a support package worth £4.3 billion to protect ratepayers against large overnight increases in bills.
Recording studios are a vital part of the infrastructure of the music industry. The Government is doubling funding for the Music Growth Package, which will support the music ecosystem across both live and electronic music – from grassroots venues, festivals, recording and rehearsal studios to artists, songwriters, independent labels, managers, and promoters working in all genres of music.
The Government will continue to engage closely with the sector to understand ongoing pressures and ensure the UK remains a globally competitive place to create, record and produce music.
The Government has announced powers for Mayors to introduce a visitor levy on short-term overnight accommodation in their region, to drive economic growth, including through support for the local visitor economy.
The Government recognises the important role our rural and coastal communities play in supporting the visitor economy. At Budget, the Government published a consultation so that the public, businesses, and local government could shape the design of these powers, including options to minimise the burden on businesses and communities. This consultation closed on the 18th of February and the Government will publish a response in due course.
The precise design and scope of the power for Mayors to introduce a visitor levy is still under development, and the impacts of the levy will largely be determined by local decisions. Mayors will decide whether to introduce a levy and, if so, consult on specific proposals. We expect Mayors to engage constructively with businesses and their communities to hear any concerns. Following consultation, we expect Mayors to publish a summary of the consultation results and their response, including a final prospectus, and an impact assessment.
The Government has announced powers for Mayors to introduce a visitor levy on short-term overnight accommodation in their region, to drive economic growth, including through support for the local visitor economy.
The Government recognises the important role our rural and coastal communities play in supporting the visitor economy. At Budget, the Government published a consultation so that the public, businesses, and local government could shape the design of these powers, including options to minimise the burden on businesses and communities. This consultation closed on the 18th of February and the Government will publish a response in due course.
The precise design and scope of the power for Mayors to introduce a visitor levy is still under development, and the impacts of the levy will largely be determined by local decisions. Mayors will decide whether to introduce a levy and, if so, consult on specific proposals. We expect Mayors to engage constructively with businesses and their communities to hear any concerns. Following consultation, we expect Mayors to publish a summary of the consultation results and their response, including a final prospectus, and an impact assessment.
The Government has announced powers for Mayors to introduce a visitor levy on short-term overnight accommodation in their region, to drive economic growth, including through support for the local visitor economy.
The Government recognises the important role our rural and coastal communities play in supporting the visitor economy. At Budget, the Government published a consultation so that the public, businesses, and local government could shape the design of these powers, including options to minimise the burden on businesses and communities. This consultation closed on the 18th of February and the Government will publish a response in due course.
The precise design and scope of the power for Mayors to introduce a visitor levy is still under development, and the impacts of the levy will largely be determined by local decisions. Mayors will decide whether to introduce a levy and, if so, consult on specific proposals. We expect Mayors to engage constructively with businesses and their communities to hear any concerns. Following consultation, we expect Mayors to publish a summary of the consultation results and their response, including a final prospectus, and an impact assessment.
The Government has announced powers for Mayors to introduce a visitor levy on short-term overnight accommodation in their region, to drive economic growth, including through support for the local visitor economy.
The Government recognises the important role our rural and coastal communities play in supporting the visitor economy. At Budget, the Government published a consultation so that the public, businesses, and local government could shape the design of these powers, including options to minimise the burden on businesses and communities. This consultation closed on the 18th of February and the Government will publish a response in due course.
The precise design and scope of the power for Mayors to introduce a visitor levy is still under development, and the impacts of the levy will largely be determined by local decisions. Mayors will decide whether to introduce a levy and, if so, consult on specific proposals. We expect Mayors to engage constructively with businesses and their communities to hear any concerns. Following consultation, we expect Mayors to publish a summary of the consultation results and their response, including a final prospectus, and an impact assessment.
A full list of all tax measures introduced at recent Budgets can be found in the Overview of Tax Legislation and Rates on the gov.uk website, including the tax rates and allowances in effect from 6 April 2026.
I refer the Hon. Member to the answers I gave on 9 February 2026 to UIN 109841, 109843, 109842, and the answer I gave on 27 February to UIN 114103.
I refer the Hon. Member to the answers I gave on 9 February 2026 to UIN 109841, 109843, 109842, and the answer I gave on 27 February to UIN 114103.
I refer the Hon. Member to the answers I gave on 9 February 2026 to UIN 109841, 109843, 109842, and the answer I gave on 27 February to UIN 114103.
I refer the Hon. Member to the answers I gave on 9 February 2026 to UIN 109841, 109843, 109842, and the answer I gave on 27 February to UIN 114103.
Information on the methodology used to estimate the impacts of maintaining the personal income tax thresholds can be found in HM Treasury’s Policy Costing paper.
Budget_2025-Policy_Costings.pdf
The Chancellor has said that those whose only income is the basic or new State Pension without any increments will not have to pay income tax over this Parliament. At the Budget, the Government announced that it will achieve this by easing the administrative burden for pensioners so that they do not have to pay small amounts of tax via Simple Assessment from 2027/28. The Government will set out more details in due course.
VAT is a broad-based tax on consumption, and the 20 per cent standard rate applies to most goods and services, this includes most construction work. Exceptions to the standard rate have always been limited and balanced against affordability considerations.
The Government keeps all taxes under review and makes decisions at fiscal events in the context of the overall public finances.
VAT is a broad-based tax on consumption, and the 20 per cent standard rate applies to most goods and services.
The supply of energy for domestic use attracts the reduced rate of VAT (5 per cent). Whilst this relief was not designed or introduced for charging EVs at home, it applies for all uses of domestic energy, as it is not easy for energy companies to distinguish between electricity used to charge an EV and electricity used for general domestic purposes. Public EV charging, on the other hand, is subject to the standard rate of VAT (twenty per cent). This matches the VAT treatment of petrol and diesel, as well as all non-domestic electricity.
Estimates of the exchequer cost of Minor tax expenditures and structural reliefs were updated in January 2026 and are now contained in a new Tax Relief Statistics publication which combines the previous Minor tax expenditures and structural reliefs publication with the related Non-structural tax relief statistics publication, and can be found here:
https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/tax-reliefs
The change was made following feedback from stakeholders and aims to improve clarity and accessibility.
HM Revenue & Customs (HMRC) holds data on the volume of products on which Small Producer Relief (SPR) is claimed, however it is not possible to accurately attribute this amount to a specific number of producers.
HMRC does not approve producers for SPR as both eligibility and rates can vary annually, depending on production levels. Instead, producers self- assess their eligibility and calculate the correct rate, meaning there is no central record of SPR claimants.
In some cases, the duty is paid by someone other than the producer. For example, goods may move in duty suspension from the producer to an excise warehouse, which pays the duty. In other cases large producers may conduct processes, such as bottling, on behalf of several smaller producers and account for the duty on behalf of their customers when the goods are released.
These arrangements reduce burdens on small producers while accommodating common commercial practices. Although HMRC cannot determine a definitive number of producers claiming SPR, it assesses that very few wine producers will have claimed the relief due to the 8.5% ABV eligibility limit.
HMRC will evaluate the 2023 duty reforms using several data sources, including SPR clearance volumes. For the reasons stated there are no plans to collect additional data on the number of producers claiming SPR.
To encourage charitable donations, the Government allows charities and their donors to claim tax reliefs across several different tax heads and exemptions, including VAT, Inheritance Tax, Stamp Duty, and Business Rates. Charities can also claim Gift Aid of 25p for every £1 of eligible donations made by UK taxpayers.
HM Treasury has not made a standalone assessment of the benefits of the HMRC Belfast office, but having an operational presence in Belfast supports access to HMRC services, engagement with local businesses and stakeholders, and the effective administration of the tax system in Northern Ireland.
The open-book exercise is intended to support the Northern Ireland Executive, so any decision to publish the report would be a question for the Northern Ireland Executive.
The government engages closely with the ceramics sector.
As set out in the Industrial Strategy, we are increasing support for our most energy-intensive industries eligible for the British Industry Supercharger package, including some of those in the ceramics sector, with an uplift of the Network Charging Compensation scheme from 60% to 90%. This will provide additional price relief from April 2026 to eligible businesses.
The Government is keen to ensure that regulation is proportionate and gives building societies the flexibility to choose what works best for them within the mutual model. It would be inappropriate for the Government to comment on specific governance decisions taken by a building society within the legal framework.
A building society's membership policy is set out in the society's rulebook. If an individual feels procedure has not been followed, they can raise a formal complaint with the building society directly.
Where termination of membership also results in loss of access to a payment service, further protections may also apply. In June 2025, the Government legislated to require payment service providers to give customers at least 90 days’ notice before closing their account or terminating a payment service and provide a sufficiently detailed and specific explanation so the customer can understand why it is being terminated. These rules come into force for relevant new contracts from April 2026 and will ensure more transparent and predictable access to payment services, giving customers the time and information they need to challenge decisions or find alternative arrangements.
The Treasury continues to work closely with the Bank of England and the regulators to monitor and respond to developments in the non-bank financial sector. The Treasury keeps the regulatory framework under review and is closely engaged in international work to understand and mitigate financial stability risks in respect of non-banks, including at the Financial Stability Board and G7.
Information on the contribution to debt from the Bank of England and Asset Purchase Facility are routinely published in the monthly Public Sector Finances statistical release. The latest release, published by the Office for National Statistics on 20th March, showed that the impact on government debt from Asset Purchase Facility gilt holdings was £85.1 billion at the end of February 2026.
The Government's fiscal rules target net financial debt (Public sector net financial liabilities), to prioritise investment to drive long-term growth while getting debt falling as a share of the economy. Net financial debt includes the Bank of England’s balance sheet activities, including the Asset Purchase Facility.
Data on the interest paid on central bank reserves backed by bonds held in the Asset Purchase Facility is made publicly available by the Office for National Statistics in its monthly Public Sector Finances publication.
Time period | Interest payable |
Dataset identifier code | MDD7 |
2015 | 1,872 |
2016 | 1,515 |
2017 | 1,501 |
2018 | 3,434 |
2019 | 3,374 |
2020 | 1,078 |
2021 | 941 |
2022 | 13,394 |
2023 | 38,233 |
2024 | 36,335 |
2025 | 25,910 |
These data refer to reserves backed only by bonds held in the Asset Purchase Facility. While data on total interest paid is not available, the Bank of England does publish the aggregate level of outstanding reserves and the Bank Rate.
Paying interest on reserves is an important part of the transmission of monetary policy to the real economy and there are no plans to change the way reserves are remunerated at the Bank of England.
The data on imports of steel is given in the attached tables in Annex A (volume) and Annex B (value).
HM Revenue & Customs (HMRC) is responsible for the collection and publication of data on imports and exports of goods to and from the UK. HMRC releases this information monthly, as an Accredited National Statistic called the Overseas Trade in Goods Statistics (OTS), which is available via their dedicated website (www.uktradeinfo.com ).
The data on imports of ferrous scrap is given in table 1. HM Revenue & Customs (HMRC) is responsible for the collection and publication of data on imports and exports of goods to and from the UK. HMRC releases this information monthly, as an Accredited National Statistic called the Overseas Trade in Goods Statistics (OTS), which is available via their dedicated website (www.uktradeinfo.com ). | |||
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Table 1: UK import volumes (kg) of Ferrous Scrap |
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Country | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 |
Not Declared | 100,666,973 | 119,323,136 | 110,711,763 |
Ireland | 58,409,303 | 62,163,906 | 54,568,750 |
Belgium | 10,620,084 | 11,853,794 | 385,988 |
Germany | 6,447,914 | 11,121,900 | 392,921 |
Netherlands | 3,600,562 | 5,603,047 | 1,460,658 |
UK | 1,783,716 | 4,873,692 | 705,830 |
United States | 451 | 137,270 | 2,211,158 |
France | 128,252 | 375,242 | 107,888 |
Canada | 2,880 |
| 372,743 |
Costa Rica | 106,506 |
| 25,000 |
Iceland | 110,610 | 9,610 | 6,490 |
Panama | 44,000 | 40,000 | 20,000 |
Spain |
| 2,003 | 99,660 |
Italy | 12,133 | 41,211 | 41,752 |
Malta | 24,100 | 41,760 |
|
Norway |
| 51,060 |
|
Czechia | 14,272 | 11,114 | 25,097 |
Israel |
| 48,830 |
|
Lithuania |
|
| 48,711 |
Estonia |
|
| 29,241 |
Latvia |
| 24,000 |
|
Congo (Dem. Rep) | 15,000 |
|
|
Switzerland | 7,120 | 5,530 | 331 |
China | 158 | 2,041 | 4,380 |
Slovakia |
| 52 | 2,971 |
Sweden |
|
| 2,674 |
Falkland Islands | 2,540 |
|
|
India | 869 | 582 | 209 |
Jamaica |
|
| 637 |
Oman | 228 |
|
|
Comoros |
|
| 180 |
Singapore |
| 54 |
|
Somalia |
|
| 15 |
Taiwan | 3 |
|
|
Hungary | 1 |
|
|
Grand Total | 181,997,675 | 215,729,834 | 171,225,047 |
Source: HMRC Overseas Trade Statistics / UK TradeInfo.com | |||
Notes |
|
|
|
• Data for 2023-2025 are for calendar years | |||
• HS8 72044110, 72044191, 72043000, 72044199, 72044910, 72044930, 72044990, 72045000 | |||
• Import trade is on a country of origin basis | |||
• 2025 is an open year and is therefore provisional and is subject to change | |||
• Country of origin is not required on trade declared through the Intrastat system | |||
The data on imports of ferrous scrap is given in table 1.
HM Revenue & Customs (HMRC) is responsible for the collection and publication of data on imports and exports of goods to and from the UK. HMRC releases this information monthly, as an Accredited National Statistic called the Overseas Trade in Goods Statistics (OTS), which is available via their dedicated website (www.uktradeinfo.com ).
| |||
|
|
|
|
Table 1: UK import volumes (kg) of Iron ore per year, from 2023 to 2025 | |||
Country | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 |
Sweden | 944,860,000 | 650,899,243 | 909,881,920 |
Brazil | 1,293,175,122 | 524,445,534 | 598,107,272 |
Canada | 1,290,465,000 | 496,900,000 | 565,870,677 |
Norway | 1,187,212,714 | 368,949,807 | 27,807,184 |
United States | 596,604,115 | 492,035,282 | 215,978,363 |
South Africa | 745,243,000 | 16,017,200 | 188,157,000 |
Mauritania | 315,269,000 | 248,684,000 | 356,403,000 |
Liberia | 379,172,000 | 243,407,200 |
|
India | 127,150,000 | 71,500,000 |
|
Vatican City | 158,257,000 |
|
|
Egypt | 92,702,000 | 46,135,000 |
|
Uruguay | 47,868,000 | 82,184,000 |
|
Libya | 49,597,000 | 47,248,000 |
|
Netherlands | 329,102 | 78,165,633 | 278,805 |
Trinidad:Tobago |
| 43,061,000 |
|
Australia | 35,718,811 |
|
|
Turkey | 117,089 | 258,720 | 282,240 |
France | 27,193 |
| 1,920 |
Germany | 23,086 |
|
|
Spain |
| 3,018 | 6,178 |
UK | 2,397 | 3,560 | 1,550 |
Chile | 450 |
|
|
Sierra Leone |
|
| 233 |
Ukraine |
| 203 |
|
Italy |
|
| 95 |
Ireland | 14 |
|
|
China |
| 2 |
|
Grand Total | 7,263,793,093 | 3,409,897,402 | 2,862,776,437 |
|
|
| Source: HMRC Overseas Trade Statistics / UK TradeInfo.com |
|
|
|
|
Notes |
|
|
|
• Data for 2023-2025 are for calendar years |
| ||
• HS8 26011100, 260112000, 26012000 |
|
| |
• Import trade is on a country of origin basis |
| ||
• 2025 is an open year and is therefore provisional and is subject to change | |||
• Country of origin is not required on trade declared through the Intrastat system | |||
The OBR publishes a breakdown of the Budget 2025 policy costings here:
The Government recently carried out a review of the Financial Ombudsman Service (FOS), and consulted on proposed changes to the statutory framework in which it operates. On 16 March, the Government published a response to its consultation on reforming the FOS, confirming it will legislate to stop the FOS acting as a quasi-regulator and provide greater regulatory coherence with the FCA.
The FOS was not intended to create binding precedents or new rules through its determinations, which are made based on all the individual circumstances of the case. The Government’s review concluded that there was not always coherence between the regulatory approach set by the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) and the approach used by the FOS in determining individual complaints and, in a small but significant minority of cases, this led to the FOS acting as a quasi-regulator.
The Government’s reforms will amend the ‘Fair and Reasonable’ test to require that, where firms have met their obligations under relevant FCA Rules, the FOS will be required to find that a firm has acted fairly and reasonably. They will also make clear that the FOS can only consider rules that were in force at the time of the act or omission giving rise to a complaint. These reforms require primary legislation, which the government will take forward when Parliamentary time allows.
Alongside the Government’s planned legislative changes, the FCA and FOS are currently consulting on changes to the Dispute Resolution (DISP) rules in the FCA’s Handbook, which also proposes changes to address industry concerns about the potential for retrospective interpretation of FCA rules and standards.
All FCA authorised firms are subject to the same core regulatory requirements. The FCA communicates to firms, for example through their “Approach to Supervision” publication, that different business models including investment platforms and SIPP providers create different risk and therefore there are different expectations of the firms. The FCA expects firms to understand these risks and mitigate against them. Where appropriate, the FCA will clarify their expectations of different firms. Firms must also meet additional requirements, either rules or guidance, set out by the FCA depending on the specific regulated activities and permissions a firm undertakes and holds.
The Government recently carried out a review of the Financial Ombudsman Service (FOS), and consulted on proposed changes to the statutory framework in which it operates. On 16 March, the Government published a response to its consultation on reforming the FOS, confirming it will legislate to stop the FOS acting as a quasi-regulator and provide greater regulatory coherence with the FCA.
The FOS was not intended to create binding precedents or new rules through its determinations, which are made based on all the individual circumstances of the case. The Government’s review concluded that there was not always coherence between the regulatory approach set by the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) and the approach used by the FOS in determining individual complaints and, in a small but significant minority of cases, this led to the FOS acting as a quasi-regulator.
The Government’s reforms will amend the ‘Fair and Reasonable’ test to require that, where firms have met their obligations under relevant FCA Rules, the FOS will be required to find that a firm has acted fairly and reasonably. They will also make clear that the FOS can only consider rules that were in force at the time of the act or omission giving rise to a complaint. These reforms require primary legislation, which the government will take forward when Parliamentary time allows.
Alongside the Government’s planned legislative changes, the FCA and FOS are currently consulting on changes to the Dispute Resolution (DISP) rules in the FCA’s Handbook, which also proposes changes to address industry concerns about the potential for retrospective interpretation of FCA rules and standards.
All FCA authorised firms are subject to the same core regulatory requirements. The FCA communicates to firms, for example through their “Approach to Supervision” publication, that different business models including investment platforms and SIPP providers create different risk and therefore there are different expectations of the firms. The FCA expects firms to understand these risks and mitigate against them. Where appropriate, the FCA will clarify their expectations of different firms. Firms must also meet additional requirements, either rules or guidance, set out by the FCA depending on the specific regulated activities and permissions a firm undertakes and holds.
On Monday 16 March, the Government published a response to its consultation on reforming the Financial Ombudsman Service (FOS), confirming that the government will legislate to stop the FOS acting as a quasi-regulator and provide greater regulatory coherence with the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA).
The FOS was not intended to create binding precedents or new rules through its determinations, which are made based on all the individual circumstances of the case. The Government’s review concluded that there was not always coherence between the regulatory approach set by the FCA and the approach used by the FOS in determining individual complaints and, in a small but significant minority of cases, this had led to the FOS acting as a quasi-regulator. The Government’s reforms will ensure that FOS determinations are fully aligned with the regulatory standards set by the FCA.
The Government will bring forward legislation to deliver the reforms when parliamentary time allows. Alongside the Government’s response, the FCA and the FOS published a paper seeking views on a number of changes they can make in advance of legislation, including updates to the fair and reasonable test and initial implementation of the new referral mechanism.
The reforms will improve cooperation between the FOS and the FCA, including through introducing a referral mechanism, which will require the FOS to seek a view from the FCA where the FOS considers there may be ambiguity in what FCA rules require, or where it considers an issue raised may have wider implications across the financial services industry, which the FCA will be required to respond to. The FOS and the FCA have implemented an initial version of this mechanism through their updated Memorandum of Understanding.
The reforms will also require the FCA and the FOS to publish regular thematic reports, which will explain the FOS’s approach to types of complaints that it receives. This will provide greater certainty on the approach used by the FOS to resolve disputes, and which demonstrates how that approach is aligned with the regulatory standards set by the FCA. In their joint paper, the FOS and the FCA set out that they will work with the Government to consider how greater clarity could be provided ahead of any legislative change.
On Monday 16 March, the Government published a response to its consultation on reforming the Financial Ombudsman Service (FOS), confirming that the government will legislate to stop the FOS acting as a quasi-regulator and provide greater regulatory coherence with the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA).
The FOS was not intended to create binding precedents or new rules through its determinations, which are made based on all the individual circumstances of the case. The Government’s review concluded that there was not always coherence between the regulatory approach set by the FCA and the approach used by the FOS in determining individual complaints and, in a small but significant minority of cases, this had led to the FOS acting as a quasi-regulator. The Government’s reforms will ensure that FOS determinations are fully aligned with the regulatory standards set by the FCA.
The Government will bring forward legislation to deliver the reforms when parliamentary time allows. Alongside the Government’s response, the FCA and the FOS published a paper seeking views on a number of changes they can make in advance of legislation, including updates to the fair and reasonable test and initial implementation of the new referral mechanism.
The reforms will improve cooperation between the FOS and the FCA, including through introducing a referral mechanism, which will require the FOS to seek a view from the FCA where the FOS considers there may be ambiguity in what FCA rules require, or where it considers an issue raised may have wider implications across the financial services industry, which the FCA will be required to respond to. The FOS and the FCA have implemented an initial version of this mechanism through their updated Memorandum of Understanding.
The reforms will also require the FCA and the FOS to publish regular thematic reports, which will explain the FOS’s approach to types of complaints that it receives. This will provide greater certainty on the approach used by the FOS to resolve disputes, and which demonstrates how that approach is aligned with the regulatory standards set by the FCA. In their joint paper, the FOS and the FCA set out that they will work with the Government to consider how greater clarity could be provided ahead of any legislative change.