HM Treasury

The government believes that the safe adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) by the financial services (FS) sector is a major strategic opportunity, with the potential to power growth across the UK. This includes banking which, as highlighted in the AI in Financial Services Survey led by the Financial Conduct Authority and the Bank of England, already benefits from AI innovations. Use cases mentioned include cyber security and fraud detection functions.

The government and the regulators are taking a pro-innovation stance to AI regulation across the economy including in financial services; and we are committed to continuing engagement with the sector and working with the regulators to monitor developments.

As part of the government’s Financial Services Growth and Competitiveness Strategy, the government will shortly be appointing a Financial Services AI Champion to act as a catalyst for AI adoption and innovation in the sector.

The government has delivered an ambitious programme of reforms to make it easier for all firms, including fintechs, to list and raise capital on UK markets. This includes overhauling the Prospectus Regime and Listing Rules, providing more flexibility to firms and founders raising capital on UK markets.

At Mansion House, the Chancellor also announced the formation of a Listings Taskforce, to support businesses to list and grow in the UK, and the Financial Services Growth and Competitiveness Strategy, which sets out a comprehensive package of reforms to maintain the UK’s global leadership in Fintech. Officials and ministers regularly engage with industry leaders on sector developments.

The Government does not usually comment on specific movements in financial markets.

The government has delivered an ambitious programme of reforms to make it easier for all firms, including fintechs, to list and raise capital on UK markets. This includes overhauling the Prospectus Regime and Listing Rules, providing more flexibility to firms and founders raising capital on UK markets.

At Mansion House, the Chancellor also announced the formation of a Listings Taskforce, to support businesses to list and grow in the UK, and the Financial Services Growth and Competitiveness Strategy, which sets out a comprehensive package of reforms to maintain the UK’s global leadership in Fintech. Officials and ministers regularly engage with industry leaders on sector developments.

The Government does not usually comment on specific movements in financial markets.

The Rural Fuel Duty Relief Scheme has provided a 5p reduction to motorists buying fuel in certain areas since its introduction in 2012. The areas included in the scheme demonstrate certain characteristics such as: pump prices much higher than the UK average; remoteness leading to high fuel transport costs from refinery to filling station, and; relatively low sales meaning that retailers cannot benefit from bulk discounts.

The Chancellor holds regular discussions with her Ministerial colleagues about a broad range of matters. The Government has no plans to amend the list of locations eligible for Rural Fuel Duty Relief.

The Rural Fuel Duty Relief Scheme has provided a 5p reduction to motorists buying fuel in certain areas since its introduction in 2012. The areas included in the scheme demonstrate certain characteristics such as: pump prices much higher than the UK average; remoteness leading to high fuel transport costs from refinery to filling station, and; relatively low sales meaning that retailers cannot benefit from bulk discounts.

The Chancellor holds regular discussions with her Ministerial colleagues about a broad range of matters. The Government has no plans to amend the list of locations eligible for Rural Fuel Duty Relief.

As announced at Budget 2025, the Government is introducing Electric Vehicle Excise Duty (eVED) from April 2028, a new mileage charge for electric and plug-in hybrid cars, recognising that electric vehicles (EVs) contribute to congestion and wear and tear on the roads but pay no equivalent to fuel duty.

The Government is considering options to mitigate against odometer tampering, including whether any legislative, regulatory or technical changes are necessary to strengthen compliance and enforcement. The Government intends to engage with manufacturers, the leasing industry and insurers to minimise fraud.

The eVED consultation provides further detail on how eVED will work and seeks views on its implementation, including the approach to compliance. The consultation is available at GOV.UK: https://www.gov.uk/government/consultations/consultation-on-the-introduction-of-electric-vehicle-excise-duty-eved.

The Barnett formula applies to all increases or decreases to Departmental Expenditure Limits (DEL).

The Barnett formula is not applied to the individual programmes driving the change in a UK department’s DEL budget, so the total Barnett consequentials associated with the Warm Homes Plan cannot be identified.

Further Education (FE) funding is vital to ensure people are being trained in the skills they need to thrive in the modern labour market. The 2025 Spending Review provided an additional £1.2 billion per year by 2028-29 for skills and £1.7 billion of capital funding to help colleges maintain the condition of their estate. In addition, the Government is providing £375 million of capital investment to support the FE system to accommodate increasing student numbers.

For their non-business activity, FE colleges are unable to reclaim VAT incurred. We operate several VAT refund schemes for schools and academies which are designed variously to ensure that VAT is not a burden on local taxation, and that academies are not disincentivised to leave LA control. FE colleges do not meet the criteria for either scheme.

In relation to business activity, FE colleges enjoy an exemption from VAT which means that they do not have to charge VAT to students, but cannot recover it either.

The Equitable Life Payment Scheme has been fully wound down and closed since 2016 under the approach put in place by the Liberal Democrat and Conservative coalition government.

Further guidance on the status of the Payment Scheme after closure is available at: https://www.gov.uk/guidance/equitable-life-payment-scheme#closure-of-the-scheme.

The £820 million additional funding for the Scottish Government referenced is a result of the operation of the Barnett formula.

The government listens to a wide range of representations to help shape the Budget, including from Scottish Labour.

I refer the hon. Members to the answer given to UIN 101363.

I refer the hon. Members to the answer given to UIN 101363.

The amount of business rates paid on each property is based on the rateable value of the property, assessed by the Valuation Office Agency (VOA), and the multiplier values, which are set by the Government. Rateable values are re-assessed every three years. Revaluations ensure that the rateable values of properties (i.e. the tax base) remain in line with market changes, and that the tax rates adjust to reflect changes in the tax base

At the Budget, the VOA announced updated property values from the 2026 revaluation. This revaluation is the first since Covid, which has led to significant increases in rateable values for some properties as they recover from the pandemic. To support with bill increases, at the Budget, the Government announced a support package worth £4.3 billion over the next three years, including protection for ratepayers seeing their bills increase because of the revaluation. As a result, over half of ratepayers will see no bill increases, including 23% seeing their bills go down. This means most properties seeing increases will see them capped at 15% or less next year, or £800 for the smallest

The new RHL tax rates replace the temporary RHL relief that has been winding down since Covid. Unlike RHL relief, the new rates are permanent, giving businesses certainty and stability, and there will be no cap, meaning all qualifying properties on high streets across England will benefit.

The Office of Financial Sanctions Implementation (OFSI), part of HM Treasury published in its 2024-2025 Annual Review that £19.3 million in assets across multiple sanctions regimes have been reported as frozen as of September 2024.

This is an aggregated total of all entities and individuals listed on the Consolidated List of Financial Sanctions Targets under non specified regimes including the Iran and Iran (Nuclear) regimes.

Informal transfer value systems (IVTS) is a type of Money Service Business (MSB) activity. HM Revenue & Customs is the main supervisor of MSBs and leads inter-agency work to tackle the money laundering and illicit finance risks faced by the sector. That work includes a specific focus on IVTS.

Any entity engaging in IVTS without being registered with and supervised by HMRC (or another UK AML supervisor) is doing so illegally. HMRC supervision activity that identifies breaches of the MLR 2017 may result in warnings, civil sanctions, or criminal prosecution, depending on the severity and nature of the breaches.

HMRC works closely with partners to ensure a joined-up approach to tackling risks in the sector, including from unregistered MSBs. In the last 2 years, HMRC issued 27 financial penalties to MSBs and cancelled the registration of 12 others (meaning they can no longer lawfully engage in MSB activity). HMRC also issued 248 warning letters to MSBs which needed to improve their AML compliance.

The Government is committed to supporting people to build their financial literacy.

As part of the Financial Inclusion Strategy, the Government announced plans to make financial education compulsory in primary schools in England through a new statutory requirement to teach citizenship, alongside a renewed focus on the subject in secondary schools in the subjects of mathematics and citizenship. The Department for Education will be engaging with sector experts and young people to determine how best to reflect this in the updated curriculum, including appropriate content on pensions and long-term saving. There will be a period of public consultation in 2026 before it is finalised.

The Financial Conduct Authority’s nationally representative Financial Lives Survey gathers insights into the financial behaviour, attitudes and experiences of adults aged 18 and over in the UK. It covers a wide range of topics, including financial capability and detailed information on how people engage with their pensions – such as their awareness, decision-making and approach to saving for retirement. Taken together, these findings provide an indication of financial literacy in the pensions context, although this is not measured as a standalone metric.

Building on these insights, the Money and Pensions Service (MaPS), an arm’s length body of Government, provides free, impartial financial guidance for consumers to support them at every stage of their financial lives. Its MoneyHelper services – available online, via webchat and over the phone – offers information on a wide range of financial topics, including pensions, along with easy-to-use tools and calculators to support people in managing their finances.

The value of funds held in matured Child Trust Fund accounts that have not been claimed or transferred to an ISA can be found in the Child Trust Fund tables of the Annual Savings Statistics. The latest published data is up to 5 April 2025.

https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/annual-savings-statistics-2025

HMRC does not hold monthly data on the status Child Trust Fund account holders, therefore the requested breakdowns cannot be provided.

I refer the hon. Member to the answer given to UIN 102698.

The government is committed to strengthening cyber security across the UK. The National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC) provides a range of tools, guidance and support to businesses to improve their cyber security. At last year's Spending Review, the government increased the Single Intelligence Account's budget by £1 billion over the Spending Review period, which funds the critical cybersecurity work conducted by NCSC.

The existing tax regime already provides relief for IT and digital expenditure. Day-to-day IT costs are deductible at 100% rate as revenue expenditure. Longer-term investments may qualify for capital allowances, including full expensing and the Annual Investment Allowance, which provide 100% relief over the costs in the year of expenditure, or the Intangibles Fixed Assets regime, which also provides 100% relief over time. The Government keeps all taxes under review.

Whilst the Government does not hold data on the percentage of personal banking transactions that are completed digitally for each of the past 3 years specifically, the Financial Conduct Authority’s Financial Lives Survey collects data regarding digital banking on a biannual basis.

According to the most recent Financial Lives Survey, in May 2024 93% of UK adults banked online or using a mobile app. This included 83% of adults aged 75+. This increased from 88% of UK adults who banked digitally in May 2022, 85% of UK adults in May 2020, and 78% of UK adults in 2017.

According to UK Finance’s report on the UK Payments Market, in 2024 for the first time, more consumers used mobile banking accessed via phone than online banking via laptop or desktop computer. 75% of UK adults are users of mobile banking. This led to a growth in Faster Payments to 5.6 billion payment transactions, increasing by 14% compared to 2023, overtaking cash and Direct Debit as the second most frequently-used payment method in the UK.

More information on digital payments over the last three years can be found in the annual summary documents on UK Finance’s website.

The legal and claims management sectors are regulated independently of government. The Solicitors Regulation Authority (SRA) is responsible for regulating the professional conduct of solicitors and most law firms in England and Wales, including claims management activities they undertake. The Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) regulates specified claims management activities carried out by claims management companies.

The government supports the action taken by the FCA and the SRA to ensure consumers receive clear and fair information before entering digital or electronic agreements.

The FCA requires claims management firms to ensure that all digital and electronic agreements are clear, fair, and not misleading, and that customers fully understand the agreement and services before signing. FCA action on misleading online promotions led to 9,197 promotions being withdrawn by claims management firms in 2024.

The SRA requires firms to provide clear information before any agreement is entered into – including about costs, termination provisions and ensuring proper client authority – whether instructions are given in person or online.

The Government recognises that everyday costs remain too high for many households, including working parents. This is why, at the Budget, the Government took action to bear down on prices and help cut cost of living pressures by targeting everyday expenses.

This includes taking an average of £150 off household energy bills from April 2026, expanding the £150 Warm Home Discount to six million lower-income households, freezing regulated rail fares and NHS prescription fees for one year, and extending the 5p fuel duty cut until the end of August 2026.

The Government is also committed to making renting easier and more affordable. The Renters’ Rights Act 2025 will strengthen protections for private renters and help tenants challenge unreasonable rent increases.

Alongside this, the Government is supporting working families by removing the two-child limit in Universal Credit, increasing the National Living Wage to £12.71 per hour from April 2026, extending the £3 bus cap to March 2027, expanding free breakfast clubs, widening free school meals eligibility, and increasing support with childcare costs through Universal Credit.

The Bank of England has cut Bank Rate six times since the election as inflationary pressures have eased, helping to reduce borrowing costs for households.

The Government recognises that everyday costs remain too high for many households, including working parents. This is why, at the Budget, the Government took action to bear down on prices and help cut cost of living pressures by targeting everyday expenses.

This includes taking an average of £150 off household energy bills from April 2026, expanding the £150 Warm Home Discount to six million lower-income households, freezing regulated rail fares and NHS prescription fees for one year, and extending the 5p fuel duty cut until the end of August 2026.

The Government is also committed to making renting easier and more affordable. The Renters’ Rights Act 2025 will strengthen protections for private renters and help tenants challenge unreasonable rent increases.

Alongside this, the Government is supporting working families by removing the two-child limit in Universal Credit, increasing the National Living Wage to £12.71 per hour from April 2026, extending the £3 bus cap to March 2027, expanding free breakfast clubs, widening free school meals eligibility, and increasing support with childcare costs through Universal Credit.

The Bank of England has cut Bank Rate six times since the election as inflationary pressures have eased, helping to reduce borrowing costs for households.

The Government currently has no plans to review the confidentiality agreements relating to RBS Global Restructuring Group.

The Government has been clear that the inappropriate treatment of companies by RBS GRG was unacceptable. RBS rightly apologised for these mistakes and set up a scheme to compensate victims. The complaints process for customers in scope, as undertaken by Sir William Blackburne, is concluded, and the FCA published its final report in relation to RBS GRG in 2019.

HMRC app users can choose to enable ‘push notifications’ to receive a variety of updates, including payment notifications. At present, this feature operates on an ‘all or nothing’ basis, meaning users cannot select only payment notifications. Since the app launched, over 5.3 million users have opted to enable push notifications, although some may have subsequently chosen to disable them.

HMRC regularly shares guidance and updates to help taxpayers stay safe online and protect themselves from scams and fraudulent messages, particularly during the Self Assessment period.

They include practical advice and links to relevant materials in their Self Assessment emails, social media content, radio broadcasts, press releases, GOV.UK guidance and through other communication products.

For example, the following press releases regarding Self Assessment scams were published in August and December 2025 respectively:

https://www.gov.uk/government/news/scams-warning-as-self-assessment-customers-targeted

https://www.gov.uk/government/news/4800-self-assessment-scams-reported

HMRC’s guidance on phishing and scams can be found here: https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/hmrc-phishing-and-scams-detailed-information

Alongside communications regarding avoiding scams, HMRC also uses a range of communication activity to support customers to file their Self Assessment return on time. This starts with the notice to file issued to all relevant customers in April and with reminders issued directly to customer’s Personal Tax Accounts (PTA) and HMRC app or by letter, email and text. HMRC also encourages customers to file on time through their annual multi channel communications campaign.

A wide range of online help and support is available on GOV.UK. This includes guidance notes and help sheets, as well as online webinars and recorded videos on YouTube covering various Self Assessment scenarios.

In addition, there is information on GOV.UK on how a customer can ask for the requirement to file a Self Assessment tax return to be withdrawn if they no longer meet the Self Assessment criteria. This can be done through HMRC’s digital services, via their PTA or by calling HMRC.

Customers are also able to use the services of an agent to file their returns. In 2024/25, 59% of the Self Assessment population was represented. HMRC works closely with agent representative bodies to encourage the early filing of returns.

HMRC monitors the effectiveness of their communications. Last year, over 90% of customers filed their Self Assessment return on time. The Self Assessment campaign tracking report 2024 to 2025 can be found here: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/self-assessment-campaign-tracking-2024-to-2025-report/self-assessment-campaign-tracking-report-2024-to-2025

Late filing penalties incentivise good filing behaviours. They are an important feature of tax administration to encourage taxpayers to meet their obligations and to provide sanctions for those who do not.

All customers have the right to appeal against late filing penalties within 30 days of the date of the penalty notice. HMRC will cancel penalties where a customer can demonstrate that they had a reasonable excuse for the failure to file their return on time and the failure was remedied shortly after the reasonable excuse ceased. HMRC will also cancel any late filing penalties when a return is not required, such as where a customer has ceased self-employment or no longer meets the Self Assessment criteria.

Penalty notices are issued automatically and therefore all customers who miss the filing deadline will receive a filing penalty.

The tables below set out the number of fixed £100 penalties raised for late filing, the daily penalties issued for late filing and the values of late filing penalties paid for each tax year since 2020.

Table 1: Fixed £100 penalties raised for late filing

Table 2: Daily penalties issued for late filing

The figures in tables 1 and 2 are rounded to the nearest 10,000, and are correct as of December 2025.

Table 3 – Values of late filing penalties paid for each tax year since 2020

The figures in table 3 are rounded to the nearest £1m and are correct as of December 2025.

Notes for tables 1 – 3:

1. Tax year relates to the year associated with the return, not the year the penalty was issued, e.g. if someone submits their Self Assessment return for the year 2019/20 in 2021, the penalty would be associated with the 2019/20 tax year in the data above.
2. Figures are not final as penalties continue to be charged and collected for previous years.
3. Caution should be applied when comparing across years, as the sum of penalties collected will continue to rise as returns come in and the population grows.
4. It is possible for an individual to receive multiple sets of penalties.
5. Penalties in the tables above include penalties for individuals and for partnerships.
6. Penalty data for the tax year 2024/25 is not yet available as the online return deadline for that tax year is 31 January 2026.

HMRC app users can choose to enable ‘push notifications’ to receive a variety of updates, including payment notifications. At present, this feature operates on an ‘all or nothing’ basis, meaning users cannot select only payment notifications. Since the app launched, over 5.3 million users have opted to enable push notifications, although some may have subsequently chosen to disable them.

HMRC regularly shares guidance and updates to help taxpayers stay safe online and protect themselves from scams and fraudulent messages, particularly during the Self Assessment period.

They include practical advice and links to relevant materials in their Self Assessment emails, social media content, radio broadcasts, press releases, GOV.UK guidance and through other communication products.

For example, the following press releases regarding Self Assessment scams were published in August and December 2025 respectively:

https://www.gov.uk/government/news/scams-warning-as-self-assessment-customers-targeted

https://www.gov.uk/government/news/4800-self-assessment-scams-reported

HMRC’s guidance on phishing and scams can be found here: https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/hmrc-phishing-and-scams-detailed-information

Alongside communications regarding avoiding scams, HMRC also uses a range of communication activity to support customers to file their Self Assessment return on time. This starts with the notice to file issued to all relevant customers in April and with reminders issued directly to customer’s Personal Tax Accounts (PTA) and HMRC app or by letter, email and text. HMRC also encourages customers to file on time through their annual multi channel communications campaign.

A wide range of online help and support is available on GOV.UK. This includes guidance notes and help sheets, as well as online webinars and recorded videos on YouTube covering various Self Assessment scenarios.

In addition, there is information on GOV.UK on how a customer can ask for the requirement to file a Self Assessment tax return to be withdrawn if they no longer meet the Self Assessment criteria. This can be done through HMRC’s digital services, via their PTA or by calling HMRC.

Customers are also able to use the services of an agent to file their returns. In 2024/25, 59% of the Self Assessment population was represented. HMRC works closely with agent representative bodies to encourage the early filing of returns.

HMRC monitors the effectiveness of their communications. Last year, over 90% of customers filed their Self Assessment return on time. The Self Assessment campaign tracking report 2024 to 2025 can be found here: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/self-assessment-campaign-tracking-2024-to-2025-report/self-assessment-campaign-tracking-report-2024-to-2025

Late filing penalties incentivise good filing behaviours. They are an important feature of tax administration to encourage taxpayers to meet their obligations and to provide sanctions for those who do not.

All customers have the right to appeal against late filing penalties within 30 days of the date of the penalty notice. HMRC will cancel penalties where a customer can demonstrate that they had a reasonable excuse for the failure to file their return on time and the failure was remedied shortly after the reasonable excuse ceased. HMRC will also cancel any late filing penalties when a return is not required, such as where a customer has ceased self-employment or no longer meets the Self Assessment criteria.

Penalty notices are issued automatically and therefore all customers who miss the filing deadline will receive a filing penalty.

The tables below set out the number of fixed £100 penalties raised for late filing, the daily penalties issued for late filing and the values of late filing penalties paid for each tax year since 2020.

Table 1: Fixed £100 penalties raised for late filing

Table 2: Daily penalties issued for late filing

The figures in tables 1 and 2 are rounded to the nearest 10,000, and are correct as of December 2025.

Table 3 – Values of late filing penalties paid for each tax year since 2020

The figures in table 3 are rounded to the nearest £1m and are correct as of December 2025.

Notes for tables 1 – 3:

1. Tax year relates to the year associated with the return, not the year the penalty was issued, e.g. if someone submits their Self Assessment return for the year 2019/20 in 2021, the penalty would be associated with the 2019/20 tax year in the data above.
2. Figures are not final as penalties continue to be charged and collected for previous years.
3. Caution should be applied when comparing across years, as the sum of penalties collected will continue to rise as returns come in and the population grows.
4. It is possible for an individual to receive multiple sets of penalties.
5. Penalties in the tables above include penalties for individuals and for partnerships.
6. Penalty data for the tax year 2024/25 is not yet available as the online return deadline for that tax year is 31 January 2026.

HMRC app users can choose to enable ‘push notifications’ to receive a variety of updates, including payment notifications. At present, this feature operates on an ‘all or nothing’ basis, meaning users cannot select only payment notifications. Since the app launched, over 5.3 million users have opted to enable push notifications, although some may have subsequently chosen to disable them.

HMRC regularly shares guidance and updates to help taxpayers stay safe online and protect themselves from scams and fraudulent messages, particularly during the Self Assessment period.

They include practical advice and links to relevant materials in their Self Assessment emails, social media content, radio broadcasts, press releases, GOV.UK guidance and through other communication products.

For example, the following press releases regarding Self Assessment scams were published in August and December 2025 respectively:

https://www.gov.uk/government/news/scams-warning-as-self-assessment-customers-targeted

https://www.gov.uk/government/news/4800-self-assessment-scams-reported

HMRC’s guidance on phishing and scams can be found here: https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/hmrc-phishing-and-scams-detailed-information

Alongside communications regarding avoiding scams, HMRC also uses a range of communication activity to support customers to file their Self Assessment return on time. This starts with the notice to file issued to all relevant customers in April and with reminders issued directly to customer’s Personal Tax Accounts (PTA) and HMRC app or by letter, email and text. HMRC also encourages customers to file on time through their annual multi channel communications campaign.

A wide range of online help and support is available on GOV.UK. This includes guidance notes and help sheets, as well as online webinars and recorded videos on YouTube covering various Self Assessment scenarios.

In addition, there is information on GOV.UK on how a customer can ask for the requirement to file a Self Assessment tax return to be withdrawn if they no longer meet the Self Assessment criteria. This can be done through HMRC’s digital services, via their PTA or by calling HMRC.

Customers are also able to use the services of an agent to file their returns. In 2024/25, 59% of the Self Assessment population was represented. HMRC works closely with agent representative bodies to encourage the early filing of returns.

HMRC monitors the effectiveness of their communications. Last year, over 90% of customers filed their Self Assessment return on time. The Self Assessment campaign tracking report 2024 to 2025 can be found here: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/self-assessment-campaign-tracking-2024-to-2025-report/self-assessment-campaign-tracking-report-2024-to-2025

Late filing penalties incentivise good filing behaviours. They are an important feature of tax administration to encourage taxpayers to meet their obligations and to provide sanctions for those who do not.

All customers have the right to appeal against late filing penalties within 30 days of the date of the penalty notice. HMRC will cancel penalties where a customer can demonstrate that they had a reasonable excuse for the failure to file their return on time and the failure was remedied shortly after the reasonable excuse ceased. HMRC will also cancel any late filing penalties when a return is not required, such as where a customer has ceased self-employment or no longer meets the Self Assessment criteria.

Penalty notices are issued automatically and therefore all customers who miss the filing deadline will receive a filing penalty.

The tables below set out the number of fixed £100 penalties raised for late filing, the daily penalties issued for late filing and the values of late filing penalties paid for each tax year since 2020.

Table 1: Fixed £100 penalties raised for late filing

Table 2: Daily penalties issued for late filing

The figures in tables 1 and 2 are rounded to the nearest 10,000, and are correct as of December 2025.

Table 3 – Values of late filing penalties paid for each tax year since 2020

The figures in table 3 are rounded to the nearest £1m and are correct as of December 2025.

Notes for tables 1 – 3:

1. Tax year relates to the year associated with the return, not the year the penalty was issued, e.g. if someone submits their Self Assessment return for the year 2019/20 in 2021, the penalty would be associated with the 2019/20 tax year in the data above.
2. Figures are not final as penalties continue to be charged and collected for previous years.
3. Caution should be applied when comparing across years, as the sum of penalties collected will continue to rise as returns come in and the population grows.
4. It is possible for an individual to receive multiple sets of penalties.
5. Penalties in the tables above include penalties for individuals and for partnerships.
6. Penalty data for the tax year 2024/25 is not yet available as the online return deadline for that tax year is 31 January 2026.

HMRC app users can choose to enable ‘push notifications’ to receive a variety of updates, including payment notifications. At present, this feature operates on an ‘all or nothing’ basis, meaning users cannot select only payment notifications. Since the app launched, over 5.3 million users have opted to enable push notifications, although some may have subsequently chosen to disable them.

HMRC regularly shares guidance and updates to help taxpayers stay safe online and protect themselves from scams and fraudulent messages, particularly during the Self Assessment period.

They include practical advice and links to relevant materials in their Self Assessment emails, social media content, radio broadcasts, press releases, GOV.UK guidance and through other communication products.

For example, the following press releases regarding Self Assessment scams were published in August and December 2025 respectively:

https://www.gov.uk/government/news/scams-warning-as-self-assessment-customers-targeted

https://www.gov.uk/government/news/4800-self-assessment-scams-reported

HMRC’s guidance on phishing and scams can be found here: https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/hmrc-phishing-and-scams-detailed-information

Alongside communications regarding avoiding scams, HMRC also uses a range of communication activity to support customers to file their Self Assessment return on time. This starts with the notice to file issued to all relevant customers in April and with reminders issued directly to customer’s Personal Tax Accounts (PTA) and HMRC app or by letter, email and text. HMRC also encourages customers to file on time through their annual multi channel communications campaign.

A wide range of online help and support is available on GOV.UK. This includes guidance notes and help sheets, as well as online webinars and recorded videos on YouTube covering various Self Assessment scenarios.

In addition, there is information on GOV.UK on how a customer can ask for the requirement to file a Self Assessment tax return to be withdrawn if they no longer meet the Self Assessment criteria. This can be done through HMRC’s digital services, via their PTA or by calling HMRC.

Customers are also able to use the services of an agent to file their returns. In 2024/25, 59% of the Self Assessment population was represented. HMRC works closely with agent representative bodies to encourage the early filing of returns.

HMRC monitors the effectiveness of their communications. Last year, over 90% of customers filed their Self Assessment return on time. The Self Assessment campaign tracking report 2024 to 2025 can be found here: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/self-assessment-campaign-tracking-2024-to-2025-report/self-assessment-campaign-tracking-report-2024-to-2025

Late filing penalties incentivise good filing behaviours. They are an important feature of tax administration to encourage taxpayers to meet their obligations and to provide sanctions for those who do not.

All customers have the right to appeal against late filing penalties within 30 days of the date of the penalty notice. HMRC will cancel penalties where a customer can demonstrate that they had a reasonable excuse for the failure to file their return on time and the failure was remedied shortly after the reasonable excuse ceased. HMRC will also cancel any late filing penalties when a return is not required, such as where a customer has ceased self-employment or no longer meets the Self Assessment criteria.

Penalty notices are issued automatically and therefore all customers who miss the filing deadline will receive a filing penalty.

The tables below set out the number of fixed £100 penalties raised for late filing, the daily penalties issued for late filing and the values of late filing penalties paid for each tax year since 2020.

Table 1: Fixed £100 penalties raised for late filing

Table 2: Daily penalties issued for late filing

The figures in tables 1 and 2 are rounded to the nearest 10,000, and are correct as of December 2025.

Table 3 – Values of late filing penalties paid for each tax year since 2020

The figures in table 3 are rounded to the nearest £1m and are correct as of December 2025.

Notes for tables 1 – 3:

1. Tax year relates to the year associated with the return, not the year the penalty was issued, e.g. if someone submits their Self Assessment return for the year 2019/20 in 2021, the penalty would be associated with the 2019/20 tax year in the data above.
2. Figures are not final as penalties continue to be charged and collected for previous years.
3. Caution should be applied when comparing across years, as the sum of penalties collected will continue to rise as returns come in and the population grows.
4. It is possible for an individual to receive multiple sets of penalties.
5. Penalties in the tables above include penalties for individuals and for partnerships.
6. Penalty data for the tax year 2024/25 is not yet available as the online return deadline for that tax year is 31 January 2026.

HMRC app users can choose to enable ‘push notifications’ to receive a variety of updates, including payment notifications. At present, this feature operates on an ‘all or nothing’ basis, meaning users cannot select only payment notifications. Since the app launched, over 5.3 million users have opted to enable push notifications, although some may have subsequently chosen to disable them.

HMRC regularly shares guidance and updates to help taxpayers stay safe online and protect themselves from scams and fraudulent messages, particularly during the Self Assessment period.

They include practical advice and links to relevant materials in their Self Assessment emails, social media content, radio broadcasts, press releases, GOV.UK guidance and through other communication products.

For example, the following press releases regarding Self Assessment scams were published in August and December 2025 respectively:

https://www.gov.uk/government/news/scams-warning-as-self-assessment-customers-targeted

https://www.gov.uk/government/news/4800-self-assessment-scams-reported

HMRC’s guidance on phishing and scams can be found here: https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/hmrc-phishing-and-scams-detailed-information

Alongside communications regarding avoiding scams, HMRC also uses a range of communication activity to support customers to file their Self Assessment return on time. This starts with the notice to file issued to all relevant customers in April and with reminders issued directly to customer’s Personal Tax Accounts (PTA) and HMRC app or by letter, email and text. HMRC also encourages customers to file on time through their annual multi channel communications campaign.

A wide range of online help and support is available on GOV.UK. This includes guidance notes and help sheets, as well as online webinars and recorded videos on YouTube covering various Self Assessment scenarios.

In addition, there is information on GOV.UK on how a customer can ask for the requirement to file a Self Assessment tax return to be withdrawn if they no longer meet the Self Assessment criteria. This can be done through HMRC’s digital services, via their PTA or by calling HMRC.

Customers are also able to use the services of an agent to file their returns. In 2024/25, 59% of the Self Assessment population was represented. HMRC works closely with agent representative bodies to encourage the early filing of returns.

HMRC monitors the effectiveness of their communications. Last year, over 90% of customers filed their Self Assessment return on time. The Self Assessment campaign tracking report 2024 to 2025 can be found here: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/self-assessment-campaign-tracking-2024-to-2025-report/self-assessment-campaign-tracking-report-2024-to-2025

Late filing penalties incentivise good filing behaviours. They are an important feature of tax administration to encourage taxpayers to meet their obligations and to provide sanctions for those who do not.

All customers have the right to appeal against late filing penalties within 30 days of the date of the penalty notice. HMRC will cancel penalties where a customer can demonstrate that they had a reasonable excuse for the failure to file their return on time and the failure was remedied shortly after the reasonable excuse ceased. HMRC will also cancel any late filing penalties when a return is not required, such as where a customer has ceased self-employment or no longer meets the Self Assessment criteria.

Penalty notices are issued automatically and therefore all customers who miss the filing deadline will receive a filing penalty.

The tables below set out the number of fixed £100 penalties raised for late filing, the daily penalties issued for late filing and the values of late filing penalties paid for each tax year since 2020.

Table 1: Fixed £100 penalties raised for late filing

Table 2: Daily penalties issued for late filing

The figures in tables 1 and 2 are rounded to the nearest 10,000, and are correct as of December 2025.

Table 3 – Values of late filing penalties paid for each tax year since 2020

The figures in table 3 are rounded to the nearest £1m and are correct as of December 2025.

Notes for tables 1 – 3:

1. Tax year relates to the year associated with the return, not the year the penalty was issued, e.g. if someone submits their Self Assessment return for the year 2019/20 in 2021, the penalty would be associated with the 2019/20 tax year in the data above.
2. Figures are not final as penalties continue to be charged and collected for previous years.
3. Caution should be applied when comparing across years, as the sum of penalties collected will continue to rise as returns come in and the population grows.
4. It is possible for an individual to receive multiple sets of penalties.
5. Penalties in the tables above include penalties for individuals and for partnerships.
6. Penalty data for the tax year 2024/25 is not yet available as the online return deadline for that tax year is 31 January 2026.

HMRC app users can choose to enable ‘push notifications’ to receive a variety of updates, including payment notifications. At present, this feature operates on an ‘all or nothing’ basis, meaning users cannot select only payment notifications. Since the app launched, over 5.3 million users have opted to enable push notifications, although some may have subsequently chosen to disable them.

HMRC regularly shares guidance and updates to help taxpayers stay safe online and protect themselves from scams and fraudulent messages, particularly during the Self Assessment period.

They include practical advice and links to relevant materials in their Self Assessment emails, social media content, radio broadcasts, press releases, GOV.UK guidance and through other communication products.

For example, the following press releases regarding Self Assessment scams were published in August and December 2025 respectively:

https://www.gov.uk/government/news/scams-warning-as-self-assessment-customers-targeted

https://www.gov.uk/government/news/4800-self-assessment-scams-reported

HMRC’s guidance on phishing and scams can be found here: https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/hmrc-phishing-and-scams-detailed-information

Alongside communications regarding avoiding scams, HMRC also uses a range of communication activity to support customers to file their Self Assessment return on time. This starts with the notice to file issued to all relevant customers in April and with reminders issued directly to customer’s Personal Tax Accounts (PTA) and HMRC app or by letter, email and text. HMRC also encourages customers to file on time through their annual multi channel communications campaign.

A wide range of online help and support is available on GOV.UK. This includes guidance notes and help sheets, as well as online webinars and recorded videos on YouTube covering various Self Assessment scenarios.

In addition, there is information on GOV.UK on how a customer can ask for the requirement to file a Self Assessment tax return to be withdrawn if they no longer meet the Self Assessment criteria. This can be done through HMRC’s digital services, via their PTA or by calling HMRC.

Customers are also able to use the services of an agent to file their returns. In 2024/25, 59% of the Self Assessment population was represented. HMRC works closely with agent representative bodies to encourage the early filing of returns.

HMRC monitors the effectiveness of their communications. Last year, over 90% of customers filed their Self Assessment return on time. The Self Assessment campaign tracking report 2024 to 2025 can be found here: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/self-assessment-campaign-tracking-2024-to-2025-report/self-assessment-campaign-tracking-report-2024-to-2025

Late filing penalties incentivise good filing behaviours. They are an important feature of tax administration to encourage taxpayers to meet their obligations and to provide sanctions for those who do not.

All customers have the right to appeal against late filing penalties within 30 days of the date of the penalty notice. HMRC will cancel penalties where a customer can demonstrate that they had a reasonable excuse for the failure to file their return on time and the failure was remedied shortly after the reasonable excuse ceased. HMRC will also cancel any late filing penalties when a return is not required, such as where a customer has ceased self-employment or no longer meets the Self Assessment criteria.

Penalty notices are issued automatically and therefore all customers who miss the filing deadline will receive a filing penalty.

The tables below set out the number of fixed £100 penalties raised for late filing, the daily penalties issued for late filing and the values of late filing penalties paid for each tax year since 2020.

Table 1: Fixed £100 penalties raised for late filing

Table 2: Daily penalties issued for late filing

The figures in tables 1 and 2 are rounded to the nearest 10,000, and are correct as of December 2025.

Table 3 – Values of late filing penalties paid for each tax year since 2020

The figures in table 3 are rounded to the nearest £1m and are correct as of December 2025.

Notes for tables 1 – 3:

1. Tax year relates to the year associated with the return, not the year the penalty was issued, e.g. if someone submits their Self Assessment return for the year 2019/20 in 2021, the penalty would be associated with the 2019/20 tax year in the data above.
2. Figures are not final as penalties continue to be charged and collected for previous years.
3. Caution should be applied when comparing across years, as the sum of penalties collected will continue to rise as returns come in and the population grows.
4. It is possible for an individual to receive multiple sets of penalties.
5. Penalties in the tables above include penalties for individuals and for partnerships.
6. Penalty data for the tax year 2024/25 is not yet available as the online return deadline for that tax year is 31 January 2026.

HMRC app users can choose to enable ‘push notifications’ to receive a variety of updates, including payment notifications. At present, this feature operates on an ‘all or nothing’ basis, meaning users cannot select only payment notifications. Since the app launched, over 5.3 million users have opted to enable push notifications, although some may have subsequently chosen to disable them.

HMRC regularly shares guidance and updates to help taxpayers stay safe online and protect themselves from scams and fraudulent messages, particularly during the Self Assessment period.

They include practical advice and links to relevant materials in their Self Assessment emails, social media content, radio broadcasts, press releases, GOV.UK guidance and through other communication products.

For example, the following press releases regarding Self Assessment scams were published in August and December 2025 respectively:

https://www.gov.uk/government/news/scams-warning-as-self-assessment-customers-targeted

https://www.gov.uk/government/news/4800-self-assessment-scams-reported

HMRC’s guidance on phishing and scams can be found here: https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/hmrc-phishing-and-scams-detailed-information

Alongside communications regarding avoiding scams, HMRC also uses a range of communication activity to support customers to file their Self Assessment return on time. This starts with the notice to file issued to all relevant customers in April and with reminders issued directly to customer’s Personal Tax Accounts (PTA) and HMRC app or by letter, email and text. HMRC also encourages customers to file on time through their annual multi channel communications campaign.

A wide range of online help and support is available on GOV.UK. This includes guidance notes and help sheets, as well as online webinars and recorded videos on YouTube covering various Self Assessment scenarios.

In addition, there is information on GOV.UK on how a customer can ask for the requirement to file a Self Assessment tax return to be withdrawn if they no longer meet the Self Assessment criteria. This can be done through HMRC’s digital services, via their PTA or by calling HMRC.

Customers are also able to use the services of an agent to file their returns. In 2024/25, 59% of the Self Assessment population was represented. HMRC works closely with agent representative bodies to encourage the early filing of returns.

HMRC monitors the effectiveness of their communications. Last year, over 90% of customers filed their Self Assessment return on time. The Self Assessment campaign tracking report 2024 to 2025 can be found here: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/self-assessment-campaign-tracking-2024-to-2025-report/self-assessment-campaign-tracking-report-2024-to-2025

Late filing penalties incentivise good filing behaviours. They are an important feature of tax administration to encourage taxpayers to meet their obligations and to provide sanctions for those who do not.

All customers have the right to appeal against late filing penalties within 30 days of the date of the penalty notice. HMRC will cancel penalties where a customer can demonstrate that they had a reasonable excuse for the failure to file their return on time and the failure was remedied shortly after the reasonable excuse ceased. HMRC will also cancel any late filing penalties when a return is not required, such as where a customer has ceased self-employment or no longer meets the Self Assessment criteria.

Penalty notices are issued automatically and therefore all customers who miss the filing deadline will receive a filing penalty.

The tables below set out the number of fixed £100 penalties raised for late filing, the daily penalties issued for late filing and the values of late filing penalties paid for each tax year since 2020.

Table 1: Fixed £100 penalties raised for late filing

Table 2: Daily penalties issued for late filing

The figures in tables 1 and 2 are rounded to the nearest 10,000, and are correct as of December 2025.

Table 3 – Values of late filing penalties paid for each tax year since 2020

The figures in table 3 are rounded to the nearest £1m and are correct as of December 2025.

Notes for tables 1 – 3:

1. Tax year relates to the year associated with the return, not the year the penalty was issued, e.g. if someone submits their Self Assessment return for the year 2019/20 in 2021, the penalty would be associated with the 2019/20 tax year in the data above.
2. Figures are not final as penalties continue to be charged and collected for previous years.
3. Caution should be applied when comparing across years, as the sum of penalties collected will continue to rise as returns come in and the population grows.
4. It is possible for an individual to receive multiple sets of penalties.
5. Penalties in the tables above include penalties for individuals and for partnerships.
6. Penalty data for the tax year 2024/25 is not yet available as the online return deadline for that tax year is 31 January 2026.

HMRC app users can choose to enable ‘push notifications’ to receive a variety of updates, including payment notifications. At present, this feature operates on an ‘all or nothing’ basis, meaning users cannot select only payment notifications. Since the app launched, over 5.3 million users have opted to enable push notifications, although some may have subsequently chosen to disable them.

HMRC regularly shares guidance and updates to help taxpayers stay safe online and protect themselves from scams and fraudulent messages, particularly during the Self Assessment period.

They include practical advice and links to relevant materials in their Self Assessment emails, social media content, radio broadcasts, press releases, GOV.UK guidance and through other communication products.

For example, the following press releases regarding Self Assessment scams were published in August and December 2025 respectively:

https://www.gov.uk/government/news/scams-warning-as-self-assessment-customers-targeted

https://www.gov.uk/government/news/4800-self-assessment-scams-reported

HMRC’s guidance on phishing and scams can be found here: https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/hmrc-phishing-and-scams-detailed-information

Alongside communications regarding avoiding scams, HMRC also uses a range of communication activity to support customers to file their Self Assessment return on time. This starts with the notice to file issued to all relevant customers in April and with reminders issued directly to customer’s Personal Tax Accounts (PTA) and HMRC app or by letter, email and text. HMRC also encourages customers to file on time through their annual multi channel communications campaign.

A wide range of online help and support is available on GOV.UK. This includes guidance notes and help sheets, as well as online webinars and recorded videos on YouTube covering various Self Assessment scenarios.

In addition, there is information on GOV.UK on how a customer can ask for the requirement to file a Self Assessment tax return to be withdrawn if they no longer meet the Self Assessment criteria. This can be done through HMRC’s digital services, via their PTA or by calling HMRC.

Customers are also able to use the services of an agent to file their returns. In 2024/25, 59% of the Self Assessment population was represented. HMRC works closely with agent representative bodies to encourage the early filing of returns.

HMRC monitors the effectiveness of their communications. Last year, over 90% of customers filed their Self Assessment return on time. The Self Assessment campaign tracking report 2024 to 2025 can be found here: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/self-assessment-campaign-tracking-2024-to-2025-report/self-assessment-campaign-tracking-report-2024-to-2025

Late filing penalties incentivise good filing behaviours. They are an important feature of tax administration to encourage taxpayers to meet their obligations and to provide sanctions for those who do not.

All customers have the right to appeal against late filing penalties within 30 days of the date of the penalty notice. HMRC will cancel penalties where a customer can demonstrate that they had a reasonable excuse for the failure to file their return on time and the failure was remedied shortly after the reasonable excuse ceased. HMRC will also cancel any late filing penalties when a return is not required, such as where a customer has ceased self-employment or no longer meets the Self Assessment criteria.

Penalty notices are issued automatically and therefore all customers who miss the filing deadline will receive a filing penalty.

The tables below set out the number of fixed £100 penalties raised for late filing, the daily penalties issued for late filing and the values of late filing penalties paid for each tax year since 2020.

Table 1: Fixed £100 penalties raised for late filing

Table 2: Daily penalties issued for late filing

The figures in tables 1 and 2 are rounded to the nearest 10,000, and are correct as of December 2025.

Table 3 – Values of late filing penalties paid for each tax year since 2020

The figures in table 3 are rounded to the nearest £1m and are correct as of December 2025.

Notes for tables 1 – 3:

1. Tax year relates to the year associated with the return, not the year the penalty was issued, e.g. if someone submits their Self Assessment return for the year 2019/20 in 2021, the penalty would be associated with the 2019/20 tax year in the data above.
2. Figures are not final as penalties continue to be charged and collected for previous years.
3. Caution should be applied when comparing across years, as the sum of penalties collected will continue to rise as returns come in and the population grows.
4. It is possible for an individual to receive multiple sets of penalties.
5. Penalties in the tables above include penalties for individuals and for partnerships.
6. Penalty data for the tax year 2024/25 is not yet available as the online return deadline for that tax year is 31 January 2026.

HMRC app users can choose to enable ‘push notifications’ to receive a variety of updates, including payment notifications. At present, this feature operates on an ‘all or nothing’ basis, meaning users cannot select only payment notifications. Since the app launched, over 5.3 million users have opted to enable push notifications, although some may have subsequently chosen to disable them.

HMRC regularly shares guidance and updates to help taxpayers stay safe online and protect themselves from scams and fraudulent messages, particularly during the Self Assessment period.

They include practical advice and links to relevant materials in their Self Assessment emails, social media content, radio broadcasts, press releases, GOV.UK guidance and through other communication products.

For example, the following press releases regarding Self Assessment scams were published in August and December 2025 respectively:

https://www.gov.uk/government/news/scams-warning-as-self-assessment-customers-targeted

https://www.gov.uk/government/news/4800-self-assessment-scams-reported

HMRC’s guidance on phishing and scams can be found here: https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/hmrc-phishing-and-scams-detailed-information

Alongside communications regarding avoiding scams, HMRC also uses a range of communication activity to support customers to file their Self Assessment return on time. This starts with the notice to file issued to all relevant customers in April and with reminders issued directly to customer’s Personal Tax Accounts (PTA) and HMRC app or by letter, email and text. HMRC also encourages customers to file on time through their annual multi channel communications campaign.

A wide range of online help and support is available on GOV.UK. This includes guidance notes and help sheets, as well as online webinars and recorded videos on YouTube covering various Self Assessment scenarios.

In addition, there is information on GOV.UK on how a customer can ask for the requirement to file a Self Assessment tax return to be withdrawn if they no longer meet the Self Assessment criteria. This can be done through HMRC’s digital services, via their PTA or by calling HMRC.

Customers are also able to use the services of an agent to file their returns. In 2024/25, 59% of the Self Assessment population was represented. HMRC works closely with agent representative bodies to encourage the early filing of returns.

HMRC monitors the effectiveness of their communications. Last year, over 90% of customers filed their Self Assessment return on time. The Self Assessment campaign tracking report 2024 to 2025 can be found here: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/self-assessment-campaign-tracking-2024-to-2025-report/self-assessment-campaign-tracking-report-2024-to-2025

Late filing penalties incentivise good filing behaviours. They are an important feature of tax administration to encourage taxpayers to meet their obligations and to provide sanctions for those who do not.

All customers have the right to appeal against late filing penalties within 30 days of the date of the penalty notice. HMRC will cancel penalties where a customer can demonstrate that they had a reasonable excuse for the failure to file their return on time and the failure was remedied shortly after the reasonable excuse ceased. HMRC will also cancel any late filing penalties when a return is not required, such as where a customer has ceased self-employment or no longer meets the Self Assessment criteria.

Penalty notices are issued automatically and therefore all customers who miss the filing deadline will receive a filing penalty.

The tables below set out the number of fixed £100 penalties raised for late filing, the daily penalties issued for late filing and the values of late filing penalties paid for each tax year since 2020.

Table 1: Fixed £100 penalties raised for late filing

Table 2: Daily penalties issued for late filing

The figures in tables 1 and 2 are rounded to the nearest 10,000, and are correct as of December 2025.

Table 3 – Values of late filing penalties paid for each tax year since 2020

The figures in table 3 are rounded to the nearest £1m and are correct as of December 2025.

Notes for tables 1 – 3:

1. Tax year relates to the year associated with the return, not the year the penalty was issued, e.g. if someone submits their Self Assessment return for the year 2019/20 in 2021, the penalty would be associated with the 2019/20 tax year in the data above.
2. Figures are not final as penalties continue to be charged and collected for previous years.
3. Caution should be applied when comparing across years, as the sum of penalties collected will continue to rise as returns come in and the population grows.
4. It is possible for an individual to receive multiple sets of penalties.
5. Penalties in the tables above include penalties for individuals and for partnerships.
6. Penalty data for the tax year 2024/25 is not yet available as the online return deadline for that tax year is 31 January 2026.

HMRC app users can choose to enable ‘push notifications’ to receive a variety of updates, including payment notifications. At present, this feature operates on an ‘all or nothing’ basis, meaning users cannot select only payment notifications. Since the app launched, over 5.3 million users have opted to enable push notifications, although some may have subsequently chosen to disable them.

HMRC regularly shares guidance and updates to help taxpayers stay safe online and protect themselves from scams and fraudulent messages, particularly during the Self Assessment period.

They include practical advice and links to relevant materials in their Self Assessment emails, social media content, radio broadcasts, press releases, GOV.UK guidance and through other communication products.

For example, the following press releases regarding Self Assessment scams were published in August and December 2025 respectively:

https://www.gov.uk/government/news/scams-warning-as-self-assessment-customers-targeted

https://www.gov.uk/government/news/4800-self-assessment-scams-reported

HMRC’s guidance on phishing and scams can be found here: https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/hmrc-phishing-and-scams-detailed-information

Alongside communications regarding avoiding scams, HMRC also uses a range of communication activity to support customers to file their Self Assessment return on time. This starts with the notice to file issued to all relevant customers in April and with reminders issued directly to customer’s Personal Tax Accounts (PTA) and HMRC app or by letter, email and text. HMRC also encourages customers to file on time through their annual multi channel communications campaign.

A wide range of online help and support is available on GOV.UK. This includes guidance notes and help sheets, as well as online webinars and recorded videos on YouTube covering various Self Assessment scenarios.

In addition, there is information on GOV.UK on how a customer can ask for the requirement to file a Self Assessment tax return to be withdrawn if they no longer meet the Self Assessment criteria. This can be done through HMRC’s digital services, via their PTA or by calling HMRC.

Customers are also able to use the services of an agent to file their returns. In 2024/25, 59% of the Self Assessment population was represented. HMRC works closely with agent representative bodies to encourage the early filing of returns.

HMRC monitors the effectiveness of their communications. Last year, over 90% of customers filed their Self Assessment return on time. The Self Assessment campaign tracking report 2024 to 2025 can be found here: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/self-assessment-campaign-tracking-2024-to-2025-report/self-assessment-campaign-tracking-report-2024-to-2025

Late filing penalties incentivise good filing behaviours. They are an important feature of tax administration to encourage taxpayers to meet their obligations and to provide sanctions for those who do not.

All customers have the right to appeal against late filing penalties within 30 days of the date of the penalty notice. HMRC will cancel penalties where a customer can demonstrate that they had a reasonable excuse for the failure to file their return on time and the failure was remedied shortly after the reasonable excuse ceased. HMRC will also cancel any late filing penalties when a return is not required, such as where a customer has ceased self-employment or no longer meets the Self Assessment criteria.

Penalty notices are issued automatically and therefore all customers who miss the filing deadline will receive a filing penalty.

The tables below set out the number of fixed £100 penalties raised for late filing, the daily penalties issued for late filing and the values of late filing penalties paid for each tax year since 2020.

Table 1: Fixed £100 penalties raised for late filing

Table 2: Daily penalties issued for late filing

The figures in tables 1 and 2 are rounded to the nearest 10,000, and are correct as of December 2025.

Table 3 – Values of late filing penalties paid for each tax year since 2020

The figures in table 3 are rounded to the nearest £1m and are correct as of December 2025.

Notes for tables 1 – 3:

1. Tax year relates to the year associated with the return, not the year the penalty was issued, e.g. if someone submits their Self Assessment return for the year 2019/20 in 2021, the penalty would be associated with the 2019/20 tax year in the data above.
2. Figures are not final as penalties continue to be charged and collected for previous years.
3. Caution should be applied when comparing across years, as the sum of penalties collected will continue to rise as returns come in and the population grows.
4. It is possible for an individual to receive multiple sets of penalties.
5. Penalties in the tables above include penalties for individuals and for partnerships.
6. Penalty data for the tax year 2024/25 is not yet available as the online return deadline for that tax year is 31 January 2026.

See answer to WPQ 93747. The purpose of the event was to encourage collaboration between government departments, academia and the private sector.

The OBR forecast methodology for council tax can be found on their website, including information about the data they commission.

Compared to Budget 2025, the expected number of estates claiming agricultural property relief (including those also claiming business property relief) affected by the reforms in 2026-27 halves from 375 to 185. Around 85% of estates claiming agricultural property relief in 2026-27, including those that also claim for business property relief, are forecast to pay no more inheritance tax on their estates under these changes.

Excluding estates only holding shares designated as ‘not listed’ on the markets of recognised stock exchanges, the reforms are also now expected to result in up to 220 estates across the UK only claiming business property relief paying more inheritance tax in 2026-27. This is a reduction from up to 325 such estates forecast to pay more at Budget 2025. This means just over 80% of such estates making claims are forecast to not pay any more inheritance tax.

Further information is available in the updated Tax Impact and Information Note (TIIN) which was published on 9 January: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/changes-to-agricultural-property-relief-and-business-property-relief.

As is normal practice, the Exchequer cost of these changes will be considered by the Office for Budget Responsibility (OBR) and published at the Spring Forecast.

Compared to Budget 2025, the expected number of estates claiming agricultural property relief (including those also claiming business property relief) affected by the reforms in 2026-27 halves from 375 to 185. Around 85% of estates claiming agricultural property relief in 2026-27, including those that also claim for business property relief, are forecast to pay no more inheritance tax on their estates under these changes.

Excluding estates only holding shares designated as ‘not listed’ on the markets of recognised stock exchanges, the reforms are also now expected to result in up to 220 estates across the UK only claiming business property relief paying more inheritance tax in 2026-27. This is a reduction from up to 325 such estates forecast to pay more at Budget 2025. This means just over 80% of such estates making claims are forecast to not pay any more inheritance tax.

Further information is available in the updated Tax Impact and Information Note (TIIN) which was published on 9 January: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/changes-to-agricultural-property-relief-and-business-property-relief.

As is normal practice, the Exchequer cost of these changes will be considered by the Office for Budget Responsibility (OBR) and published at the Spring Forecast.

Compared to Budget 2025, the expected number of estates claiming agricultural property relief (including those also claiming business property relief) affected by the reforms in 2026-27 halves from 375 to 185. Around 85% of estates claiming agricultural property relief in 2026-27, including those that also claim for business property relief, are forecast to pay no more inheritance tax on their estates under these changes.

Excluding estates only holding shares designated as ‘not listed’ on the markets of recognised stock exchanges, the reforms are also now expected to result in up to 220 estates across the UK only claiming business property relief paying more inheritance tax in 2026-27. This is a reduction from up to 325 such estates forecast to pay more at Budget 2025. This means just over 80% of such estates making claims are forecast to not pay any more inheritance tax.

Further information is available in the updated Tax Impact and Information Note (TIIN) which was published on 9 January: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/changes-to-agricultural-property-relief-and-business-property-relief.

As is normal practice, the Exchequer cost of these changes will be considered by the Office for Budget Responsibility (OBR) and published at the Spring Forecast.

Compared to Budget 2025, the expected number of estates claiming agricultural property relief (including those also claiming business property relief) affected by the reforms in 2026-27 halves from 375 to 185. Around 85% of estates claiming agricultural property relief in 2026-27, including those that also claim for business property relief, are forecast to pay no more inheritance tax on their estates under these changes.

Excluding estates only holding shares designated as ‘not listed’ on the markets of recognised stock exchanges, the reforms are also now expected to result in up to 220 estates across the UK only claiming business property relief paying more inheritance tax in 2026-27. This is a reduction from up to 325 such estates forecast to pay more at Budget 2025. This means just over 80% of such estates making claims are forecast to not pay any more inheritance tax.

Further information is available in the updated Tax Impact and Information Note (TIIN) which was published on 9 January: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/changes-to-agricultural-property-relief-and-business-property-relief.

As is normal practice, the Exchequer cost of these changes will be considered by the Office for Budget Responsibility (OBR) and published at the Spring Forecast.

Compared to Budget 2025, the expected number of estates claiming agricultural property relief (including those also claiming business property relief) affected by the reforms in 2026-27 halves from 375 to 185. Around 85% of estates claiming agricultural property relief in 2026-27, including those that also claim for business property relief, are forecast to pay no more inheritance tax on their estates under these changes.

Excluding estates only holding shares designated as ‘not listed’ on the markets of recognised stock exchanges, the reforms are also now expected to result in up to 220 estates across the UK only claiming business property relief paying more inheritance tax in 2026-27. This is a reduction from up to 325 such estates forecast to pay more at Budget 2025. This means just over 80% of such estates making claims are forecast to not pay any more inheritance tax.

Further information is available in the updated Tax Impact and Information Note (TIIN) which was published on 9 January: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/changes-to-agricultural-property-relief-and-business-property-relief.

As is normal practice, the Exchequer cost of these changes will be considered by the Office for Budget Responsibility (OBR) and published at the Spring Forecast.

At Autumn Budget 2024, the Government increased the Employment Allowance for National Insurance contributions (NICs) from £5,000 to £10,500. Furthermore, businesses can claim employer NICs reliefs for employees under-21s and under-25 apprentices on earnings up to £50,270.

There are a wide range of factors to take into consideration when introducing or expanding a tax relief. These include how effective the relief would be at achieving the policy intent, how targeted support would be, whether it adds complexity to the tax system, and the cost.