Noah Law

The new Critical Minerals Strategy will support the industries of tomorrow, be explicitly targeted at UK strengths, articulate the impacts on people’s lives, deliver for businesses and create new jobs across the UK.

In developing the Strategy, the UK Government is committed to the sustainable development of natural resources in the UK and overseas, in close collaboration with local communities and their workforce to ensure they benefit in turn. The UK Government places a high priority on mining and mineral processing being carried out to the highest standards.

A secure supply of critical minerals is vital for the UK's economic growth and security, industrial strategy ambitions, and clean energy transition.

Domestic production of lithium will be increasingly important as demand for resilient and responsible sources of critical minerals grows. The St Austell and Newquay constituency is home to several promising lithium projects like Imerys-British Lithium and Cornish Lithium, which recently celebrated opening the UK's first lithium hydroxide demonstration plant this month.

Government is considering policy options to secure our critical mineral supply chains and will be engaging closely with industry to realise our potential for producing critical minerals domestically.

Under the terms of the Trade and Cooperation Agreement (TCA), the UK Government and EU agreed to give serious consideration to linking our respective carbon pricing schemes and to cooperate on carbon pricing. As part of our reset with the EU the Government continues to explore all options to improve trade and investment.

This government is committed to breaking down barriers to success and opportunity. Too many children and young people today do not have access to the same enrichment opportunities as their peers, suffer from poor mental health and, in some cases, end up being drawn into crime rather than going on to achieve and thrive. Young Futures Hubs will bring together services to improve access to opportunities and support for young people at community level, promoting positive outcomes and enabling them to thrive.

As part of the development process, we are engaging with local areas, communities, statutory partners, charities, and other key stakeholders to support the design of the Young Futures Hubs and explore options for their delivery. The Autumn Budget 2024 committed to launching early adopter Hubs in 2025/26. The number of Hubs, their specific locations, and their reach are still being determined, and we will share further information on the timing of their rollout in due course.

All state-funded schools in England are required to teach first aid as part of statutory health education, which is taught as part of relationships, sex and health education (RSHE). This includes basic first aid training and how to deal with common injuries. Pupils in secondary schools are taught further first aid, including, for example, how to administer CPR and the purpose of defibrillators. Schools can teach topics beyond those covered in the statutory guidance and have flexibility to respond to local issues.

The department is currently reviewing the RSHE statutory guidance. My right hon. Friend, the Secretary of State for Education, has been clear that children’s wellbeing must be at the heart of this guidance for schools. As such, the government will look carefully at the consultation responses, discuss with stakeholders and consider the relevant evidence before setting out next steps.

Meeting the skills’ needs of the next decade is central to delivering the government's missions across all regions and nations. Skills England will provide an authoritative assessment of England’s national and regional skills’ needs now and in the future, combining the best available statistical data with insights generated from employers and other key stakeholders.

Skills England will also ensure that there is a comprehensive suite of apprenticeships, training and technical qualifications for individuals and employers to access, which are aligned with skills’ gaps and what employers need. As part of this, it will identify which training should be available via the new growth and skills levy.

Skills England will work together with regional and local governments, employers, education providers, trade unions, and regional organisations (for example Employer Representative Bodies) to ensure that regional and national skills’ needs are met at all levels from essential skills to those delivered via higher education, in line with the forthcoming industrial strategy.

The Industrial Strategy identifies eight growth-driving sectors: advanced manufacturing, clean energy industries, creative industries, defence, digital and technologies, financial services, life sciences, and professional and business services. When published in Spring 2025, it will include ambitious and targeted plans for each of these sectors, designed in partnership with business, devolved governments, regions, experts, and other stakeholders. Skills England is providing skills needs analyses that will feed into each of these plans.

Skills England has already published the first of its reports which considers key skills’ gaps and future skills’ needs, which is available here: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/66ffd4fce84ae1fd8592ee37/Skills_England_Report.pdf.

Many sources of data exist on labour market jobs and skills which facilitate national and local measures of demand. Skills England has produced one such measure, the occupations in demand index, to support its skills’ needs’ assessment. This index uses information from seven indicators across the labour market, including wage growth, online job adverts and visa applications to index demand for occupations.

Producing these assessments and ensuring they are understood, recognised by and accessible to all parts of the skills system will provide greater clarity on which occupations and sectors are facing existing and emerging skills’ gaps, where need for skills is set to grow in the future and what actions should be taken to meet these needs.

The Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons (RCVS) provides guidance on obtaining consent before euthanasia. The person presenting the animal is required to sign a consent form attesting to the fact they are the owner or are authorised by the owner.

Defra has worked closely with the veterinary profession to provide greater assurance that alternatives to euthanasia are explored before a healthy dog or cat is put down. Following these discussions, the RVCS agreed to incorporate the principle of microchip scanning before euthanasia into the guidance that underpins their Code of Professional Conduct.

This Government takes road safety seriously, and we are committed to reducing the numbers of those killed and injured on our roads. We are currently considering policy options, including possible changes to motoring offences.

The Department is taking a number of steps to deliver the Youth Guarantee, to ensure all 18-21 year olds in England have access to quality education, employment and training opportunities.

The Get Britain Working White Paper announced £45 million of funding to test delivery of the Youth Guarantee in eight trailblazer areas that will start delivering support from April 2025. These are: Cambridgeshire and Peterborough, East Midlands, Liverpool City Region, Tees Valley, West of England, West Midlands, and two areas within the Greater London Authority. The trailblazers will be led by the Mayoral Strategic Authorities, providing learnings that will inform the future roll-out of the Guarantee across England.

The Guarantee will also be supported by our first national partnerships with The Premier League, Channel 4 and the Royal Shakespeare Company, who will generate a range of opportunities that engage young people and set them on the path to success.

There is already a range of existing provision available to young people, including the Department’s Youth Offer, which provides individually tailored Work Coach support for young people aged 16 to 24 and claiming Universal Credit.

I have no plans to direct the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) to assess hydrotherapy treatments, and it would not be appropriate for ministers to circumvent the NICE’s established process for prioritising topics for guidance development.

When developing its guidelines, the NICE considers all the available evidence within the scope of the topic under consideration. Where good quality evidence supports the use of a therapy as clinically and cost effective, the NICE’s independent committee may recommend it for use in the National Health Service.

Hydrotherapy is already recommended as a form of rehabilitation therapy following nerve injury in the NICE’s Rehabilitation after traumatic injury 2022 guideline. It is also recommended in the 2017 guideline Spondyloarthritis in over 16s: diagnosis and management, as an adjunctive therapy to manage pain and maintain or improve function for people with axial spondyloarthritis.

This summer, we will publish a refreshed Long Term Workforce Plan to deliver the transformed health service we will build over the next decade, and treat patients on time again. We will ensure the National Health Service has the right people, in the right places, with the right skills to deliver the care patients need when they need it, including in neurology.

As of July 2024, there were over 1,800 full-time equivalent (FTE) doctors working in the specialty of neurology in NHS trusts and other organisations in England. This includes over 900 FTE consultant neurologists. In 2023, the fill rate for recruitment into the specialty of neurology in England was 94%.

There are currently no plans for a specific workforce strategy for the neurology profession prior to the publication of the NHS Long Term Workforce Plan.

The NHS workforce has been overworked for years, leading to staff becoming burnt out and demoralised. The NHS is broken but not beaten, and together we will turn it around. We have launched a 10-Year Health Plan to reform the NHS. The plan will set out a bold agenda to deliver on the three big shifts needed to move healthcare from hospital to the community, analogue to digital, and sickness to prevention.

A central part of the 10-Year Health Plan will be our workforce and how we ensure we train and provide the staff, technology, and infrastructure the NHS needs to care for patients across our communities.

We are currently reviewing the previous Government’s Dental Recovery Plan and what elements of that can be taken forward effectively and within National Health Service budgets. It is also clear that plan did not go far enough and so we are also working on further measures, prioritising initiatives that will see the biggest impact on access to NHS dental care.

The Government is committed to tackling the challenges for patients trying to access NHS dental care with a rescue plan to provide 700,000 more urgent dental appointments and to recruit new dentists to areas that need them most. To rebuild dentistry in the long term, we will reform the dental contract, with a shift to focus on prevention and retaining NHS dentists. Not all improvements to the provision of NHS dental services may require legislative changes.

The Government is committed to tackling the challenges patients face when trying to access National Health Service dental care with a rescue plan to provide 700,000 more urgent dental appointments, and to recruit new dentists to areas that need them most. To rebuild dentistry in the long term, we will reform the dental contract, with a shift to focus on prevention and retaining NHS dentists.

In the first two years of British International Investment's (BII) current strategy (2022-2023), BII has invested approximately $3 billion into developing economies and mobilised an additional $2 billion in private capital on top of this. BII is evolving its approach to mobilising private capital, including through its new Mobilisation Facility announced by the Prime Minister at UNGA. As part of preparations for BII's next strategy, we will consider options to enable BII to continue mobilising private capital at scale.

The Chancellor issued a new Statement of Strategic Priorities to the National Wealth Fund (NWF) on 19^th March 2025, in which she set out that the NWF is at the forefront of investing public money for our future to help deliver the investment that underpins the Government’s growth and clean energy missions.

The Chancellor made clear that the NWF should prioritise investment into clean energy, digital and technologies, and advanced manufacturing, alongside transport sectors. An NWF investment into any geothermal project would be subject to the investment satisfying the NWF’s normal requirements for investable proposals.

The Government is committed to ensuring that asylum costs fall and the Home Secretary has reduced in-donor refugee costs by taking action to reduce the asylum backlog and seeking to end the use of costly asylum hotels. We therefore anticipate further reductions to in-donor refugee costs in the next Spending Review period.

The Home Office’s Spending Review settlement will be subject to agreement with HM Treasury in the usual way.

Banks are required to apply ‘know your customer’ and other checks to mitigate the risk that banks accounts may be used for money laundering or terrorist financing. The Treasury works closely with the Financial Conduct Authority and industry groups such as UK Finance to ensure that financial crime controls are applied proportionately and on a risk-sensitive basis.

The Treasury and the Home Office are currently updating the National Risk Assessment of Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing (NRA). This sets out the latest assessment of threats, including in relation to the risks to which charitable organisations operating overseas may be exposed, to help regulated firms to take account of these risks when applying financial crime controls. The updated NRA will be published later this year.

VAT is a broad-based tax on consumption, and the 20 per cent standard rate applies to most goods and services. Tax breaks reduce the revenue available for vital public services and must represent value for money for the taxpayer.

One of the key considerations when assessing a new VAT relief is whether the cost saving is likely to be passed on to consumers. Evidence suggests that businesses only partially pass on any savings from lower VAT rates. The Government therefore has no plans to zero-rate VAT on admission fees for indoor play facilities.

The Government keeps all taxes under review.

National Insurance contribution rates are part of an overall progressive system.

The personal allowance (PA) is set at £12,570 this year, meaning the first £12,570 an individual’s income is tax free. Above the PA, income tax is paid at 20 per cent, until the higher rate threshold of £50,270 above which income tax is paid at 40 per cent, and then 45 per cent for income above £125,140 per year (the additional rate threshold).

Employee NICs also start to be paid for earnings above £12,570 at 8 per cent, with this rate decreasing to 2 per cent above £50,270 per year. Taking NICs and income tax together, this means an overall progressive rate structure for earnings of 28 per cent for basic rate taxpayers, 42 per cent for higher rate taxpayers, and 47 per cent for additional rate taxpayers.

The National Model Design Code and Natural England’s Green Infrastructure Framework set out how development can incorporate a range of nature friendly features including bee bricks and swift bricks.

The revised National Planning Policy Framework published on 12 December 2024 expects developments to provide net gains for biodiversity, including through incorporating features which support priority or threatened species such as swifts, bats and hedgehogs.

The government recognises that access to low-cost borrowing and the certainty provided by a long-term rent settlement are essential to the ability of local authorities to build and maintain housing stock. To this end, the government is helping local authorities borrow more cheaply from the Public Works Loan Board until the end of 2025-26.

Local authorities are responsible for their own capital strategies and have wide freedoms to use borrowing to support local investment. Under the current framework, they must ensure borrowing is prudent, affordable, and sustainable.

The government recently consulted on a long-term rent settlement that would allow social housing rents to increase above inflation (by up to CPI + 1%) each year for five years from 2026. The consultation closed on 23 December and my officials and I are giving careful consideration to all the responses received. The government will issue its response to the consultation in due course.

The government is committed to delivering the biggest increase in social and affordable housebuilding in a generation.

On 30 July 2024 we announced a number of changes in planning policy designed to support the delivery of affordable homes. We also confirmed a range of new flexibilities for councils and housing associations, both within the Affordable Homes Programme and in relation to how councils can use their Right to Buy receipts, and a further £450 million for councils through the Local Authority Housing Fund enabling councils to grow their housing stock.

At the Budget on 30 October 2024, the Chancellor set out details of an immediate one-year cash injection of £500 million to top up the existing Affordable Homes Programme which will deliver up to 5,000 new social and affordable homes. The Chancellor also confirmed that we will reduce Right to Buy discounts to their pre-2012 regional levels and allow councils to retain 100% of the receipts generated by Right to Buy sales.

On 12 February 2025, the government announced a further cash injection of £300 million to the existing Affordable Homes Programme which will deliver up to 2,800 new homes, with more than half being Social Rent homes. The government also announced a £50 million uplift to the third round of the Local Authority Housing Fund.

Between 30 October 2024 and 23 December 2024, the government consulted on a new 5-year social housing rent settlement to provide the sector with the certainty it needs to invest in new social housing.

We will set out details of new investment to succeed the 2021-26 Affordable Homes Programme at the Spending Review. This new investment will deliver a mix of homes for sub-market rent and homeownership, with a particular focus on delivering homes for Social Rent.

The government has not undertaken a full formal impact assessment of the Right to Buy scheme.

However, the impact of the increased 2012 Right to Buy discounts on council housing stock and housebuilding was considered as part of the review of discounts that was published in October 2024.

More information can be found on gov.uk here.

MHCLG remain committed to ensuring the BSR are properly funded to deliver the most significant changes to building safety for generations. The BSR’s mission is to protect people and places, stewarding a built environment where buildings are long-lasting and confidence is restored in residents’ safety and the competence of the sector.

The BSR has been building capacity and developing operational functions to deliver its statutory duties under the Building Safety Act 2022. We have ramped up work with local authorities and regulators to speed up remediation and will set out a Remediation Acceleration plan shortly. Funding provided to the BSR remains in line with best regulatory practice, taking a transparent and proportionate approach to deliver this mission.