Selaine Saxby

The Department published figures on the number of energy efficiency measures installed by parliamentary constituency between January 2013 and December 2023 in the Household Energy Efficiency Statistics, detailed report 2023 (Table 1.7), here. Data on 2024 installations are published in individual scheme monthly statistics: Boiler Upgrade Scheme, here; Green Homes Grant Local Authority Delivery and Homes Upgrade Grant, here; Social Housing Decarbonisation Fund (Wave 1) here; Great British Insulation Scheme here; ECO data will be available here.

Prior to 2013, Government support for energy efficiency measures was provided via the Carbon Emissions Reduction Target and Community Energy Saving Programme. Further information can be found here and here.

The Social Housing Decarbonisation Fund (SHDF) is a 10-year, £3.8bn 2019 manifesto commitment. To date, total committed grant funding awarded for SHDF and the associated demonstrator is over £1bn. SHDF Wave 1 awarded £179m in grant funding, Wave 2.1 awarded grant funding of £778m in March 2023 and £75.5m in grant funding under the SHDF Wave 2.2 top-up competition, was announced in March 2024. A further £1.25bn has been allocated to SHDF for delivery across 2025-28. The number of measures installed by region is provided in monthly official statistics releases, which can be found at https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/social-housing-decarbonisation-fund-statistics.

The Public Sector Decarbonisation Scheme has made over £2.8 billion available over the financial years 2020/21 to 2025/26 to install heat decarbonisation and energy efficiency measures in public sector buildings. As of April 2024, the scheme has awarded grants worth over £2.7 billion to fund nearly 1,200 such projects. More grant funding is in delivery.

The Department does not hold a breakdown of installed measures by parliamentary constituency. However, information about all projects in each phase of the scheme is available through their respective summary reports, published at: https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/public-sector-decarbonisation-scheme.

Full details on Green Homes Grant voucher scheme spend, and how many measures have been delivered by parliamentary constituency, can be found on Gov.uk: www.gov.uk/government/statistics/green-homes-grant-voucher-release-october-2022.

The Department published statistics on the Warm Home Discount (WHD) for the first time in 2023:

https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/warm-home-discount-statistics-2022-to-2023

Table 17 in the published tables shows the number of households and the total cost of those households who received the WHD, by Core Group type, since 2011/12 when the WHD was introduced, up until the latest figures for 2022/23. Table 5 provides a breakdown of the number of households and the total cost of those households who received the WHD by parliamentary constituency in 2022/23.

Figures covering 2023/24 are expected to be published on 20^th June 2024.

The Department published statistics on the Warm Home Discount (WHD) for the first time in 2023:

https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/warm-home-discount-statistics-2022-to-2023

Table 17 in the published tables shows the number of households and the total cost of those households who received the WHD, by Core Group type, since 2011/12 when the WHD was introduced, up until the latest figures for 2022/23. Table 5 provides a breakdown of the number of households and the total cost of those households who received the WHD by parliamentary constituency in 2022/23.

Figures covering 2023/24 are expected to be published on 20^th June 2024.

The Impact Assessment compared the costs and benefits of meeting net zero in 2050 for different options for the level of the Sixth Carbon Budget, including the level recommended by the Climate Change Committee which has since been voted into law. Costs and benefits were aggregated over 2020-2050 to reflect uncertainty around the precise annual profile. Given this uncertainty, the table below sets out the undiscounted costs and benefits over 5 yearly increments.

Table 1. Costs and benefits breakdown by sixth carbon budget options, Core pathway only

Based on data from BloombergNEF, total investment into UK offshore wind, onshore wind and solar PV was £143bn over 2009-2023 (converted to real 2023 prices, nearest £bn). For these technologies, a record £19bn was in 2023, helping the renewable share of total UK electricity generation increase from 7% in 2010 to nearly 50% in 2023.

In the UK, renewables receive levy-funded support through legacy schemes (Renewables Obligation [RO] and Feed-in Tariffs [FiTs]), and our Contracts for Difference (CfD) mechanism. The OBR regularly publish estimates of levy spend for the prior financial year across the RO and CfD schemes, and Ofgem publishes estimates for FiTs, aggregated for all renewables. For the CfD scheme only, the LCCC publish data at a technology and plant level.

Based on data from BloombergNEF, total investment into UK offshore wind, onshore wind and solar PV was £143bn over 2009-2023 (converted to real 2023 prices, nearest £bn). For these technologies, a record £19bn was in 2023, helping the renewable share of total UK electricity generation increase from 7% in 2010 to nearly 50% in 2023.

In the UK, renewables receive levy-funded support through legacy schemes (Renewables Obligation [RO] and Feed-in Tariffs [FiTs]), and our Contracts for Difference (CfD) mechanism. The OBR regularly publish estimates of levy spend for the prior financial year across the RO and CfD schemes, and Ofgem publishes estimates for FiTs, aggregated for all renewables. For the CfD scheme only, the LCCC publish data at a technology and plant level.

Total demand and peak demand figures corresponding to the latest scenarios published in Annex O of the Energy and Emission Projections^[1] are:

[1] https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/energy-and-emissions-projections-2021-to-2040

UK gas demand and imports of gas into the UK as liquified natural gas (LNG) in each of the last 20 years are published in Energy Trends Table 4.1.

LNG imports as a proportion of gas demand for each of the last 20 years can be derived from these data. Caution should be taken when inferring that imported LNG met demand due to the interconnected nature of gas pipeline infrastructure (e.g. LNG would be mixed with other gas in the network some of which is then exported).

UK gas demand and imports of gas into the UK as liquified natural gas (LNG) in each of the last 20 years are published in Energy Trends Table 4.1.

LNG imports as a proportion of gas demand for each of the last 20 years can be derived from these data. Caution should be taken when inferring that imported LNG met demand due to the interconnected nature of gas pipeline infrastructure (e.g. LNG would be mixed with other gas in the network some of which is then exported).

The Electricity generation costs 2023 report published by the Department for Energy Security and Net Zero sets out the assumptions for a hydrogen-fired Combined Cycle Hydrogen Turbine (CCHT) power plant commissioned between 2025-2030. The cost of the electricity was stated as £111/MWh for a baseload CCHT commissioning in 2025 and £108/MWh for 2030.

Hydrogen to Power is an emerging technology and as such all figures are subject to change. We will continue to monitor and update cost estimates based on new evidence as it becomes available. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/electricity-generation-costs-2023.

The Department does not estimate the future size of the transmission network. The Electricity System Operator, along with Transmission Operators and Ofgem, is responsible for the development of the network. The ESO is required to publish annual recommendations for which transmission network reinforcement projects should receive investment, but this does not include data on the length of projects. The latest recommendations, published in the 'Beyond 2030' report, cover network needs up to the mid-2030s. The report is available on the ESO's website.

In 2023, the UK did not import any gas from Russia. The last import of gas from Russia to the UK was in March 2022 (Energy Trends Table 4.4).

The Department does not hold historic data of annual transmission network build. As stated in the Electricity Networks Strategic Framework, in 2021 there were approximately 20,000km of onshore high voltage transmission cables in the UK.

The table below sets out shares for oil, gas and nuclear consistent with a pathway to meeting the UK’s 6th Carbon Budget.

Beyond 2035, oil and gas use will need to continue to decline but will remain an important part of the energy mix and even when reaching net zero in 2050 oil and gas (combined) could still provide around a quarter of the UK's energy needs. The Government has set out an ambition for nuclear energy to provide up to around a quarter of the UK’s electricity needs by 2050 which would represent around 12% of expected total energy demand.

Quarterly statistics on the rollout of smart meters in Great Britain, covering both gas and electricity smart meters installed, are available online: https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/smart-meters-statistics.

This includes information about the number and proportion of electricity smart meters.

DESNZ compensates for emissions associated with the flights taken by Ministers and their support staff by purchasing high quality international carbon credits, annually and in arrears.

The Department is close to finalising its first purchase of international carbon credits in respect of emissions from the Department’s creation to the end of last year.

In 2022, the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS) purchased 151 carbon credits to compensate for the emissions associated with flights taken in 2021 by BEIS Ministers and their support staff. This was at a cost of £1,394.89, making the cost per tonne £9.24.

We have been codesigning the consultation on the barriers to community energy schemes with the Community Energy Contact Group. We intend to publish the consultation as soon as possible.

The Government has announced that it will consult on the barriers preventing the development of community energy schemes. The Government is actively working with the Community Energy Contact Group on the content of the consultation and plans to publish the consultation as soon as possible once these discussions have concluded.

Figures published by the Department for Energy Security and Net Zero in the Electricity generation costs 2023 report estimate that a 1.2 GW Combined Cycle Hydrogen Turbine (CCHTs) would cost £830million in 2025 to construct, falling to £740million by 2040.

Hydrogen to Power is an emerging technology and as such all figures are subject to change. We will continue to monitor and update cost estimates based on new evidence as it becomes available.

https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/electricity-generation-costs-2023

A 1GW[1] blue hydrogen production plant running for 1 hour at full capacity would produce 1GWh of hydrogen, equivalent to 25.4 tons.

[1] Rated as 1GW on the basis that the hydrogen it produces will be used for combustion and the latent heat of vaporisation of water is recovered

Figures published by the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy in the June 2022 Hydrogen Readiness Report suggest that an 800MWh hydrogen-fired power plant would require 50 tonnes of hydrogen fuel per hour. Therefore, a 1GWh plant could be expected to require 62.5 tonnes of hydrogen.

https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/electricity-generation-costs-2023

‘Hydrogen Production Costs 2021’, published by the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy in August 2021, sets out the levelised cost of various hydrogen production technologies. Please see:

https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/hydrogen-production-costs-2021

We will continue to monitor and update cost estimates based on new evidence as it becomes available.

The Electricity generation costs 2023 report published by the Department for Energy Security and Net Zero sets out the assumptions for a hydrogen-fired Combined Cycle Hydrogen Turbine power plant commissioned in 2030.

Hydrogen to Power is an emerging technology and as such all figures are subject to change. We will continue to monitor and update cost estimates based on new evidence as it becomes available.

https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/electricity-generation-costs-2023

‘Hydrogen Production Costs 2021’, published by the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy in August 2021, sets out the levelised cost, based on commissioning year, of various hydrogen production technologies. The information requested can be found in the table ‘Technical and cost assumptions (2020 real prices) within the annex to the report. The capital expenditure associated with a 1GW electrolytic plant commissioning in 2030 ranges from £433 million to £1,708 million depending on the technology. Please see:

https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/hydrogen-production-costs-2021

We will continue to monitor and update cost estimates based on new evidence as it becomes available.

‘Hydrogen Production Costs 2021’, published by the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy in August 2021, sets out the levelised cost of various hydrogen production technologies. The information requested can be found in the table ‘Technical and cost assumptions (2020 real prices) within the annex to the report. Therefore, the cost from the table is £531 /kW hydrogen HHV meaning £531M for the 1GW plant.

Please see: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/hydrogen-production-costs-2021

We will continue to monitor and update cost estimates based on new evidence as it becomes available.

'Hydrogen Production Costs 2021’, published by the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy in August 2021, sets out the levelised cost of various hydrogen production technologies. The annex to the report (worksheet '2030_R') sets out a range of levelised costs for gas reformation with CCUS (blue) hydrogen production commissioning in 2030. Costs range from 1,454 to 3,096 £/tonne hydrogen depending on technology [1]. Please see:

https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/hydrogen-production-costs-2021

We will continue to monitor and update cost estimates based on new evidence as it becomes available.

[1] Costs are calculated on the basis that the hydrogen is used for combustion and the latent heat of vaporisation of water is recovered.