Paul Uppal

Funding for 16- to 19-year-olds is sufficient for students to take three A levels and one AS level, plus around 150 hours of enrichment or tutorial activity across each two-year course. It is up to individuals to choose which subjects they wish to take at A level and not all students will choose to continue to study the same subjects they took at GCSE. It is for schools to determine what they offer their students, taking into account the needs and aspirations of their students as well as the overall budget available to the school.

For the academic year 2015/16, the Department for Education has maintained the base rate of funding for 16- to 19-year-olds in schools and colleges at £4,000 for full-time 16- and 17-year-olds, and £3,300 for 18-year-olds. This is sufficient to fund a study programme of 600 hours, which is enough for students to take three A levels and one AS level, plus around 150 hours of enrichment or tutorial activity across each two-year course. It is for schools to determine what they offer their students, taking into account the needs and aspirations of their students as well as the overall budget available to the school.

Youth unemployment has fallen 175,000 since 2010, and the youth claimant count is the lowest since the 1970s.

In Wolverhampton South West, the youth claimant count has nearly halved since 2010 – falling by over 400.

The Friends and Family Test (FFT) was implemented as a mechanism to provide near real-time feedback to identify both good and poor quality patient experience. Whilst the FFT aims to capture overall patient experience, part of the experience that patients may choose to comment on is whether they felt their care was safe. This information can then be used by providers to consider what they do well and make improvements where feedback is less positive. Commissioners and regulators monitor the results of the FFT and the Care Quality Commission (CQC) uses the data - together with other data such as mortality rates and ‘never events’ - as part of its new ‘Hospital Intelligence Monitoring’. The monitoring service gives the CQC an understanding of areas of care that need to be further investigated by inspectors:

http://www.cqc.org.uk/public/hospital-intelligent-monitoring

In April 2014, the Staff FFT was introduced to allow staff feedback on NHS Services based on recent experience. The Staff FFT asks staff to rate and comment on where they work as a place to work and as a place of care. This information can then be used by employers to consider what they do well and make improvements where feedback is less positive.

Commissioners and regulators also monitor the results of the Staff FFT, and the CQC uses this data as part of their Intelligent Monitoring system. The response to this question is also displayed as a key patient safety indicator on NHS Choices:

http://www.nhs.uk/NHSEngland/thenhs/patient-safety/Pages/patient-safety-indicators.aspx

In addition, hospital boards and other providers and commissioners of services can consider the results of the FFT to consider the implications for quality and safety. A NHS England review of the FFT found that it is performing well as a service improvement tool, with 85% of trusts reporting that it is being used to improve patient experience, and 78% saying that FFT has increased the emphasis placed on patient experience in their trusts.

As at 28 November 2014, 91 trusts were recorded as poor (red) against the open and honest reporting indicator. Data prior to June 2014 is not available in this form.

The Health and Social Care Information Centre (HSCIC) has provided data on (a) a count of finished admission episodes (FAEs) where there was a primary diagnosis of pulmonary embolism and the number of FAEs as a rate per 100,000 of the total number of FAEs and (b) a count of finished consultant episodes (FCEs) with a primary or secondary diagnosis of pulmonary embolism and the number of FCEs as a rate per 100,000 of the total number FCEs, for the years 2000-01 to 2012-13.

This is summarised in the following table:

Public Health England (PHE) collects data on blood stream infections caused by bacteria (bacteraemia) relating to specific organisms as part of its mandatory Healthcare Associated Infection surveillance programmes.

Microbiology laboratories in England, Wales and Northern Ireland also voluntarily submit data to PHE relating to episodes of bacteraemia and blood stream infections caused by fungi (fungaemia).

The data summarised in Tables 1-3, taken from PHE’s mandatory surveillance programmes, represent bacteraemia cases reported in England resulting from: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA); Methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and E.coli where comparable data is available. Rates of all reported cases per 100,000 population are included, where available.

Note: Data is available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/mrsa-bacteraemia-annual-data

Note: Data is available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/mssa-bacteraemia-annual-data

Note: Data is available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/escherichia-coli-e-coli-bacteraemia-annual-data

The data summarised in Table 4, taken from PHE’s voluntary surveillance database, represents all voluntarily reported patient episodes involving either bacteraemia and/or fungaemia for the period of January 2008 to December 2012 in England, Wales and Northern Ireland.

Note: Data extracted from the Public Health England (PHE) voluntary surveillance database, LabBase2, on 3 December 2013.

Before 2009, information was not collated on foreign bodies retained after procedures (which is classed as a ‘never event’) and so we are unable to provide data for the period prior to 2009.

In 2009-10, there were nine retained foreign objects post procedure reported during this period.

In 2010-11, there were 67 retained foreign object never events reported to Strategic Executive Information System (STEIS) and 22 reported to the National Reporting and Learning Service (NRLS).

In 2011-12, there were 161 retained foreign object never events reported to STEIS and 86 reported to the NRLS in 2011-12.

In 2012-13, there were 130 retained foreign object never events reported to STEIS and 124 reported to the NRLS in 2012-13 (please note incidents are potentially reported to both systems but the exact degree of overlap of reported incidents during the period 2010-11 and 2011-12 is unclear).

Since April 2013 reports made to the NRLS and STEIS have been directly reconciled to provide a single total and provisional data published by NHS England shows 123 retained object never events were reported in 2013-14 and 44 in the six months to September 2014:

http://www.england.nhs.uk/ourwork/patientsafety/never-events/ne-data/

Methods for identifying and collating the data from two systems (NRLS and STEIS) have changed over the years, with specific reporting fields for Never events replacing keyword searches, and year-end attempts to reconcile events reported in both systems replaced with direct communication as and when incidents were reported. This is a further reason why events from the earlier years are not directly comparable. The numbers of Never Events reported for 2010-11 and 2011-12 were reported in Annex A of the ‘The never events policy framework: An update to the never events policy’

https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/213046/never-events-policy-framework-update-to-policy.pdf

It should be noted that the updated policy expanded the list of never events from 8 to 25 in 2012 and the detail of definitions of retained foreign objects was also clarified in The never events list; 2013/14 update:

http://www.england.nhs.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/nev-ev-list-1314-clar.pdf.

Note numbers in different years are not directly comparable due to these definitional changes.

The Government has put in place a number of measures to support National Health Service orgnisations to respond positively to the Berwick Report ‘Improving the Safety of Patients in England’’ including greater transparency, openness and candour; ensuring safe staffing levels; creating a culture of learning and development with the establishment of 15 Patient Safety Collaboratives; and making patient safety a primary goal with a new ambition to halve avoidable harm and save 6,000 lives over the next three years, underpinned by the Sign up to Safety campaign.

We do not hold information on the number of patient safety incidents that have occurred in England in each year since 2000. Patient Safety Incidents occurring in the National Health Service are reported to the National Reporting and Learning System (NRLS) whose primary purpose is to enable learning from patient safety incidents. The NRLS was established in late 2003 as a largely voluntary scheme for reporting patient safety incidents, and therefore it does not provide the definitive number of patient safety incidents occurring in the NHS. However, from 1 April 2010 it became mandatory for all providers registered with the Care Quality Commission (including all NHS trusts and foundation trusts) in England to report all serious patient safety incidents to the Care Quality Commission. To avoid duplication of reporting, providers of NHS services are encouraged to report all incidents resulting in death or severe harm to the NRLS which then reports them to the Care Quality Commission.

At present, more than 100,000 patient safety incidents (including those resulting in no harm) are reported to the NRLS each month. However, these data are collated on a quarterly, rather than monthly basis. Detailed breakdowns on incidents reported are published twice-yearly and can be accessed via the following link:

http://www.nrls.npsa.nhs.uk/resources/collections/quarterly-data-summaries/

The most recent spreadsheet providing quarterly data for the number of patient safety incidents reported to the NRLS from October 2003 to June 2014 is attached.

The NRLS is a dynamic reporting system, and the number of incidents recorded as occurring at any point in time may increase as a greater proportion of incidents are reported. Experience in other industries has shown that as an organisation’s reporting culture matures, staff become more likely to report incidents.

I was deeply concerned to learn of the destruction of a Baha'i cemetery in Shiraz, where approximately 950 Baha'is are buried. On 14 May 2014, I made a statement on this issue, calling for Iran to abide by its international commitments to ensure all Iranians are free to practice their religion without fear of persecution. This includes protection of religious sites.

HM Revenue & Customs (HMRC) published its Digital Strategy in December 2012 to deliver a transparent tax system enabled by customer-focused digital services which are straightforward and convenient to use.

HMRC have subsequently begun to transform its products and services as part of the Government’s digital by default agenda.

HMRC is doing this through the development of Digital Exemplar services such as for Self Assessment and Pay As You Earn and recently the Tax Credits online renewal service which enabled more than 400,000 customers to renew their tax credits online this year.

These issues are matters for individual local authorities that administer pension funds to consider when deciding upon their investment strategies. Each administering authority is required to publish a statement of principles, which should address such issues. Statutory guidance states that the authority must report periodically to scheme members on the implementation of their policies.

Notwithstanding, local authorities need to focus on delivering a good rate of return for their fund and value for taxpayers, given local government pensions cost taxpayers (via employer contributions) almost £6 billion a year.

Each local authority that administers a pension fund is already subject to statutory guidance that states that it should recognise the Financial Reporting Council's Stewardship Code and ensure that the Code is adopted by their fund managers, investment consultants and advisers. The guidance also states that the authority should include a statement of its policy on responsible ownership in its statement of the principles governing its investment decisions and report periodically to scheme members on the implementation of the policy. Sixteen of the eighty nine local government pension funds in England and Wales are themselves signatories to the Stewardship Code as asset owners.

Each local authority that administers a pension fund is already subject to statutory guidance that states that it should recognise the Financial Reporting Council's Stewardship Code and ensure that the Code is adopted by their fund managers, investment consultants and advisers. The guidance also states that the authority should include a statement of its policy on responsible ownership in its statement of the principles governing its investment decisions and report periodically to scheme members on the implementation of the policy. Sixteen of the eighty nine local government pension funds in England and Wales are themselves signatories to the Stewardship Code as asset owners.