Question to the Ministry of Defence:

To ask the Secretary of State for Defence, how much his Department has spent on (a) AI, (b) engineering biology, (c) semiconductors and (d) quantum technologies since 2010.

It is not possible to provide specific details on how much has been spent for each of these technologies since 2010 owing to the nature of the programmes, and the Department's federated approach to capability development. However, for this Spending Review period, the Government has committed to invest over £6.6 billion in Research & Development for Defence, which will include funding across AI, engineering biology, semiconductors and quantum technologies.