Joined House of Lords: 28th January 2021
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These initiatives were driven by Lord Kamall, and are more likely to reflect personal policy preferences.
Lord Kamall has not introduced any legislation before Parliament
Lord Kamall has not co-sponsored any Bills in the current parliamentary sitting
The Law Officers sit on the Parliamentary Business and Legislation Committee. As part of the process of approving a government Bill for introduction, as set out in the published Guide to Making Legislation, a legal issues memorandum is prepared for this Committee. This will set out all relevant legal issues.
Whether the Law Officers have been asked to provide advice outside of the PBL process is covered by the Law Officers’ Convention. This Convention provides that whether or not the Law Officers have been asked to provide advice, and the contents of any such advice, is not disclosed outside Government.
The Law Officers sit on the Parliamentary Business and Legislation Committee. As part of the process of approving a government Bill for introduction, as set out in the published Guide to Making Legislation, a legal issues memorandum is prepared for this Committee. This will set out all relevant legal issues.
Whether the Law Officers have been asked to provide advice outside of the PBL process is covered by the Law Officers’ Convention. This Convention provides that whether or not the Law Officers have been asked to provide advice, and the contents of any such advice, is not disclosed outside Government.
The information requested falls under the remit of the UK Statistics Authority.
Please see the letter attached from the National Statistician and Chief Executive of the UK Statistics Authority.
The Lord Kamall
House of Lords
London
SW1A 0PW
22 September 2025
Dear Lord Kamall,
As Acting National Statistician, I am responding to your Parliamentary Question asking what steps are being taken to improve the collection and publication of national data on drowning incidents, including demographic information, to inform targeted prevention policies (HL10639).
The Office for National Statistics (ONS) produces mortality statistics using information provided on death certificates. The ONS codes cause of death using the International Cause of Death (ICD-10). The ICD-10 codes for accidental drowning and submersion are W65 to W74.
The ONS publishes statistics on mortality by specific cause each year, in our Deaths
registered summary statistics [1]. Numbers of deaths for 2024 were published on 20 May 2025, and age-standardised mortality rates will be published on 9 October 2025. Table 3 in that publication presents deaths by specific causes, including accidental drowning and submersion, by sex and five-year age bands. Those published 2024 figures by age and sex are summarised with wider age bands in the table below.
The ONS is currently exploring methods to improve the timeliness of our mortality statistics. We launched a consultation earlier this year asking users about the value of reporting death occurrences rather than registrations for suicide statistics [2], and the same questions are being considered for wider mortality outputs too. This includes assessing the accuracy of “nowcasting”: estimating the number of recent death occurrences, by cause, using factors such as the number registered in the past week and trends in registration delays for that cause.
Death certification reform was also implemented in September 2024 [3], which included adding an ethnicity field to the death certificate for the first time in England and Wales. This aims to improve future reporting of deaths by ethnicity and will enable us to produce further demographic breakdowns in future.
Yours sincerely,
Emma Rourke
Table 1: Number of deaths registered by sex, age group and ONS short list of cause of death code, 2024, England and Wales
ICD-10 code | Underlying cause | Sex | All ages | Aged under 1 year | Aged 01 to 19 years | Aged 20 to 64 years | Aged 65 years and above |
W65 to W74 | Accidental drowning and submersion | Males | 213 | 1 | 23 | 129 | 60 |
W65 to W74 | Accidental drowning and submersion | Females | 83 | 1 | 12 | 38 | 32 |
Notes:
1. Figures are for deaths registered rather than deaths occurred. For more information see our Impact of registration delays publication [4].
2. Figures include non-residents.
3. Based on underlying cause of death.
4. The Office for National Statistics (ONS) short list for cause of death is based on a standard tabulation list developed by the ONS, in consultation with the Department of Health (now the Department of Health and Social Care, DHSC). For more information about the codes included, see our User guide to mortality statistics [5].
5. Figures for deaths aged under 1 year exclude deaths under 28 days, which are registered with separate neonatal death certificate from which it is not possible to assign an underlying cause of death. For more information see the childhood mortality section of our User guide to mortality statistics.
[1]https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/birthsdeathsandmarriages/deaths/datasets/d eathsregisteredsummarystatisticsenglandandwales
[2]https://consultations.ons.gov.uk/external-affairs/user-requirements-for-official-suicide-statistics/
[4]https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/birthsdeathsandmarriages/deaths/articles/im pactofregistrationdelaysonmortalitystatisticsinenglandandwales/latest
[5]https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/birthsdeathsandmarriages/deaths/methodolo gies/userguidetomortalitystatisticsjuly2017#ons-short-list-of-cause-of-death
The information requested falls under the remit of the UK Statistics Authority.
Please see the letter attached from the National Statistician and Chief Executive of the UK Statistics Authority.
The Lord Kamall
House of Lords
London
SW1A 0PW
21 March 2025
Dear Lord Kamall,
As National Statistician and Chief Executive of the UK Statistics Authority, I am responding to your Parliamentary Question asking for an estimate of the number of days of work that were lost due to asthma in the UK in each year since 2010 for which there are data available (HL5962).
The Office for National Statistics (ONS) collects information on the labour market status of individuals through the Labour Force Survey (LFS), which is a survey of people resident in households in the UK. The LFS also collects information on whether respondents have missed days off work due to illness and/or injury.
Unfortunately, we do not collect information regarding the type of sickness at a level of detail to identify those suffering from asthma specifically, but we can provide the number of working days lost due to respiratory conditions.
We publish estimates of the number of working days lost through sickness absence, including the number of working days lost due to respiratory conditions, in our Sickness absence in the UK labour market: 2022 article1. This article is due to be updated to include 2023 and 2024 estimates on 1 May 2025. This update will also include revisions to estimates from 2019 to 2022. We will send the updated data to you once it has been published.
Yours sincerely,
Professor Sir Ian Diamond
Table 1 contains LFS estimates of the number, and percentage, of working days lost due to respiratory conditions from 2012 to 2022, the latest data currently available.
Table 1: Number and percentage of working days lost due to respiratory conditions, between 2012 and 2022.
| Number of working days lost due to respiratory conditions (millions) | Percentage of working days lost due to respiratory conditions (% of all working days lost) |
2022 | 16.2 | 8.7 |
2021 | 10.0 | 6.7 |
2020 | 6.4 | 5.5 |
2019 | 5.6 | 4.0 |
2018 | 3.9 | 2.8 |
2017 | 3.7 | 2.8 |
2016 | 5.4 | 3.9 |
2015 | 5.4 | 3.9 |
2014 | 6.8 | 5.0 |
2013 | 5.8 | 4.4 |
2012 | 4.4 | 3.3 |
DBT, as part of the 2025 Autumn Budget announcements, launched a Call for Evidence on Business Support for Co-operatives and Mutuals. This was open across Great Britain for 12 weeks and closed on 18th February. DBT is now analysing responses and these responses will inform any potential business support policy for the co-operative and mutual businesses.
DBT ensured that for Financial Year 25/26 Growth Hubs in England offer support to businesses with alternative business models – including Co-operatives and Mutuals, as a condition of funding, and included more information on Co-operatives and Mutuals through the highly successful Help to Grow Management programme.
The Law Commission reviews are considering ways to update and modernise the legislation for co-operatives, community benefit societies, and friendly societies, ensuring that it fits the nature and needs of these societies as well as ensuring that regulation is proportionate and effective. The government will carefully consider the recommendations to understand whether reform is needed to ensure these businesses are supported to grow and succeed into the future.
The US has committed to ensuring that access to medicines and launches of new innovative medicines in the UK are not inadvertently impacted by the US’s ‘Most Favoured Nation’ policy, thereby reducing the risk to the UK where the NHS has managed to secure lower prices for medicines.
Further work to finalise underpinning details is ongoing.
Ministers and officials regularly meet with the Competition and Markets Authority to discuss key policy issues, including the CMA’s digital markets work. Close collaboration between Government and the CMA is crucial for delivering the agenda of this Government. As the UK’s independent competition authority, the CMA is responsible for all digital markets decisions, including on designations and interventions.
Ministers and officials have met with representatives of Google to discuss a range of topics, including the Competition and Markets Authority’s digital markets work. Such meetings are important for the exchange of views and the development of policy. As the UK’s independent competition authority, the CMA is responsible for all digital markets decisions, including on designations and interventions.
Next Steps to Make Work Pay, published in 2024, set out the Government’s preference for the statutory probation period to be nine months long.
Under the Employment Rights Bill, the normal grounds for fair dismissal (under the Employment Rights Act 1996) will apply in this period, and light-touch standards will apply to dismissals for reasons of the employee’s conduct, capability, illegality, or some other substantial reason relating to the employee. The Government believes this will allow businesses to remain confident in hiring.
The Digital Inclusion Innovation Fund was designed as a one-year programme to understand what works in digital inclusion, and how best practice or innovative approaches can be scaled to maximise local impact across the UK.
We remain committed to building a digitally inclusive society where no one is left behind, and plans for future support for digital inclusion are still in development.
We know that digital inclusion works best when it's delivered in local places by trusted people and organisations. The Digital Inclusion Innovation Fund is about backing local communities to close the digital divide, and grassroots organisations are fundamental to that process.
The Digital Inclusion Innovation Fund had 85 successful applications in England: a mix of charities, research organisations and local and combined authorities.
Around 73% of the organisations funded by the Digital Inclusion Innovation Fund are charities, many of which are local, grassroots voluntary organisations. We don't hold specific data on the annual income of organisations.
The GOV.UK app is in public beta with expenditure met from within the overall budgets of the Government Digital Service (GDS) as part of the wider GOV.UK modernisation activity.
In 25/26 c.£6.2m has been attributed to GOV.UK app and related programme of personalisation and modernisation - this relates to spend on design, build, test and running. There has been no significant spend on marketing of the app, with less than £2k related to reaching private beta testing audiences.
The Digital Inclusion Innovation Fund is about testing new ideas, learning what works, and supporting the best approaches so they can grow and benefit more communities across the UK. The Fund received 1016 applications from organisations across the country, amounting to a total request of over £170m for the £11.9m available.
Payment-in-arrears is the standard Government approach for grants. However, we recognise some stakeholders were concerned about payments-in-arrears and the short delivery window of the Fund. These issues are considerations we are taking forward as we continue policy development in this area.
Despite this, projects are continuing to deliver important outcomes for the people they support, such as supporting people to access the internet and building their digital skills.
We have appointed external evaluators who are working with grant recipients to understand the impact of the Fund. This will also involve assessing the process, including grant management and deliverability within the timescale.
We expect to receive their report in April 2026.
As of 16 March 2026, the GOV.UK App has an estimated total of over 230,000 active users. Analytics tracking captures only those who opt in, so this figure is higher than the number of users providing consent. To date, approximately 135,000 users have consented to analytics tracking, averaging around 23,000 consented users per month.
While the Government has not set formal numerical targets for 2026–27, the strategic aim is to drive sustained growth by making the GOV.UK App the most convenient and trusted way for people to access government services. Growth is expected as new features and services are introduced, alongside improvements in personalisation and ongoing focus on user needs, in line with the Government Digital Service’s roadmap for modern digital government.
The Government is also committed to addressing digital exclusion. The GOV.UK App has been designed to be simple and accessible, informed by user research conducted during its public beta and in line with GOV.UK accessibility standards. Alongside this, the Government will continue to assess the digital skills support needed, including understanding barriers faced by digitally excluded groups and working with departments, local authorities and delivery partners to provide assisted digital support and signposting to digital skills training. Services will continue to be available through multiple channels, ensuring that those who are unable to use digital services can still access government support.
The Medical Research Council (MRC), which is part of UK Research and Innovation (UKRI), is not currently funding any research into vaccines for gingivitis or periodontitis. MRC invests more broadly in dental and oral health research, including some periodontitis research, to aid its detection and treatment.
Ofcom will set out what technology is required for a service to comply with a Technology Notice under section 121 of the Online Safety Act. That technology must be accredited as meeting minimum standards of accuracy. Ofcom’s consultation on the minimum standards of accuracy closed in March 2025 and the finalised version will be published in due course.
Where a tech solution does not exist in relation to a particular service design, Ofcom will be able to direct companies to use best endeavours to develop or source technology that deals with child sexual exploitation and abuse content.
Digital inclusion is a priority for this Government. It means ensuring that everyone has the access, skills, support and confidence to participate in our modern digital society, whatever their circumstances. Work is ongoing to develop our approach to tackling digital exclusion and coordinating across government departments continues to be a core part of this work. We hope to say more on this soon.
The Reducing Drug Deaths Innovation Challenge funded eleven technologies in its first phase, all of which were completed successfully. Seven projects secured phase 2 funding to advance development of their technologies through testing with relevant populations. The UK Government’s Office for Life Sciences, in collaboration with the Chief Scientist Office in Scotland, is monitoring the progress of these projects and will provide guidance to support commercialisation, spread and UK-wide adoption of the technologies to prevent drug overdose deaths. Future funding and initiatives through the Addiction Healthcare Goals programme are being explored to further encourage innovative research and the development of novel technologies to treat drug and alcohol addictions.
While no such assessment has been made, this Government recognises the importance of exploring innovative approaches to tackle loneliness, whilst protecting people's safety and wellbeing.
Collaboration and partnership are at the heart of the Civil Society Covenant which was launched by the Prime Minister in July at a major civil society summit. To inform the development of the Civil Society Covenant, the Department for Culture, Media and Sport engaged with over 1,200 organisations and worked closely with the Civil Society Advisory Group, including representatives from the National Council for Voluntary Organisations (NCVO) alongside a wide range of other civil society organisations.
At the launch we announced the Joint Civil Society Covenant Council which will be central to the delivery of the Covenant, setting direction and providing strategic oversight for its implementation. It will have cross-sector membership comprising senior leaders from civil society and senior representatives from government departments. We also announced a Local Covenant Partnerships Programme to support collaborative working between civil society organisations, local authorities and public service providers to deliver services that better meet the needs of their communities.
We will continue working in the spirit of partnership as we establish and develop both the Joint Civil Society Covenant Council and the Local Covenant Partnerships Programme.
Collaboration and partnership are at the heart of the Civil Society Covenant which was launched by the Prime Minister in July at a major civil society summit. To inform the development of the Civil Society Covenant, the Department for Culture, Media and Sport engaged with over 1,200 organisations and worked closely with the Civil Society Advisory Group, including representatives from the National Council for Voluntary Organisations (NCVO) alongside a wide range of other civil society organisations.
At the launch we announced the Joint Civil Society Covenant Council which will be central to the delivery of the Covenant, setting direction and providing strategic oversight for its implementation. It will have cross-sector membership comprising senior leaders from civil society and senior representatives from government departments. We also announced a Local Covenant Partnerships Programme to support collaborative working between civil society organisations, local authorities and public service providers to deliver services that better meet the needs of their communities.
We will continue working in the spirit of partnership as we establish and develop both the Joint Civil Society Covenant Council and the Local Covenant Partnerships Programme.
All state funded schools are required to teach pupils about self-care as part of the statutory health education set out in the relationships, sex and health education (RSHE) statutory guidance. Independent schools are required to cover health education as part of their responsibility to provide personal, social, health and economic (PSHE) education.
Pupils are taught basic treatment for common injuries and ailments and, as part of the secondary health and wellbeing curriculum, pupils should be taught how and when to self-care for minor ailments and the role of pharmacists as knowledgeable healthcare professionals.
Schools continue to have the flexibility, as part of a broad and balanced curriculum, to decide how they teach RSHE topics, including using high quality expertise available to them locally, including drawing on the Oak Academy lesson plans that is available to all schools.
The department has engaged with a range of stakeholders, including the PSHE Association to support the implementation of the updated RSHE guidance.
All state funded schools are required to teach pupils about self-care as part of the statutory health education set out in the relationships, sex and health education (RSHE) statutory guidance. Independent schools are required to cover health education as part of their responsibility to provide personal, social, health and economic (PSHE) education.
Pupils are taught basic treatment for common injuries and ailments and, as part of the secondary health and wellbeing curriculum, pupils should be taught how and when to self-care for minor ailments and the role of pharmacists as knowledgeable healthcare professionals.
Schools continue to have the flexibility, as part of a broad and balanced curriculum, to decide how they teach RSHE topics, including using high quality expertise available to them locally, including drawing on the Oak Academy lesson plans that is available to all schools.
The department has engaged with a range of stakeholders, including the PSHE Association to support the implementation of the updated RSHE guidance.
Swimming and water safety are vital life skills that are compulsory elements of the PE National Curriculum at key stages 1 and 2. In addition, the changes made to the department’s statutory relationships, sex and health education guidance will ensure all pupils are taught about the water safety code, supporting them to be safe in different types of water. To support schools, Oak National Academy offers swimming and water safety units as part of its PE curriculum, developed in partnership with Swim England.
In June, my right hon. Friend, the Prime Minister announced a new national approach to PE and school sport as part of which we will establish a PE and School Sport Partnership Network, designed to build stronger links between schools, local clubs, and National Governing Bodies. It will identify and remove barriers to participation in PE and school sport, including swimming.
The department is also providing a grant of up to £300,000 to deliver Inclusion 2028, a programme which upskills teachers to deliver high quality, inclusive PE, including swimming and water safety, to pupils with special educational needs and disabilities.
Skills England, and its predecessor the Institute for Apprenticeships and Technical Education (IfATE), has worked with employers to develop apprenticeships covering a range of occupations in the care services sector. These are designed to enable an individual to acquire full competence in an occupation whilst undertaking paid work and provide a progression route in the sector. These products are available for both public and private sector employers to use, with funding to support the training from the Growth and Skills Levy.
In addition, a Health and Social Care foundation apprenticeship has been developed and will be available for delivery from autumn this year. This is specifically aimed at young people who are not yet ready for work, and will provide the individual with a mix of employability and sectoral skills designed to provide a good grounding for a career in the health or adult social care sector.
To support the awareness of careers in adult social care, the National Careers Service, a free, government funded careers information, advice and guidance service, uses a range of labour market information to support and guide individuals. The Service website gives customers access to a range of digital tools and resources, including ‘Explore Careers’ which includes more than 130 industry areas and more than 800 job profiles including a range of construction and health and social care roles, describing what the roles entail, qualifications needed and entry routes.
As part of the UK-EU SPS Agreement currently being negotiated, the Government is making a sovereign choice in the national interest to align in some areas where it makes sense to do so, as set out in the Government’s recently published announcement on legislation in scope. This includes Regulation 1925/2006 on the addition of vitamins and minerals and certain other substances to foods and Directive 2002/46/EC relating to Food supplements. While those negotiations are ongoing, we cannot comment further on the SPS agreement.
The Government is committed to working with industry, particularly those impacted on the above, on preparing for implementation, noting that the precise detail and timing of this process – including legislative arrangements are subject to discussions with the EU.
The Government is currently negotiating a Sanitary and Phytosanitary Agreement to make agrifood trade with our biggest market cheaper and easier, cutting costs and red tape for British producers and retailers, and helping to reduce the pressure on prices and increase choice in the shops.
We are working closely with businesses to assess the implementation impacts of the Agreement.
We have begun negotiations with the EU on an SPS agreement to make agrifood trade with our biggest market cheaper and easier, cutting costs and removing barriers to trade for British producers and retailers. While negotiations with the EU on the SPS agreement are underway, we will not be providing a running commentary of discussions.
The size of the probiotics market in the United Kingdom was £1.07 billion in 2024 (table 1, Euromonitor International*). The UK market value for probiotic products grew by 19% between 2019 and 2024 (in 2024 prices) and 41% by sales volumes. Recent growth in the probiotic market has been attributed to the increasing popularity of probiotic dairy products like Kefir.
Table 1 – UK probiotic product retail sales (GBP million, Euromonitor)
Category | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 |
Probiotic Dairy | 690.8 | 780.0 | 867.5 | 949.6 | 999.5 | 1,051.8 |
Probiotic Butter and Spreads | 7.3 | 7.3 | 8.0 | 9.8 | 11.1 | 10.6 |
Probiotic Other Dairy | 4.9 | 5.8 | 5.5 | 7.5 | 7.5 | 10.1 |
Probiotic Snacks | 0.5 | 0.7 | 3.4 | 1.5 | 1.1 | 1.8 |
Probiotic Carbonates | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.6 |
Probiotic Cheese | 1.6 | 1.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 | - | 0.0 |
Total UK Market | 705.3 | 795.5 | 884.7 | 968.7 | 1,019.5 | 1,074.9 |
Euromonitor have considered growth in the wider UK diary and dairy alternatives market and forecast that the value of probiotic dairy market will grow by 14% up to 2029, to £1.2 billn. There is no forecast for the overall probiotics market, but as probiotic dairy products make up 99% of the market by volume, this forecast is sufficient for the market overall.
*Although Euromonitor aims to correct inaccuracies of which it is aware, it does not warrant that the Intelligence will be accurate, up-to-date or complete as the accuracy and completeness of the data and other content available in respect of different parts of the Content will vary depending on the availability and quality of sources on which each part is based. Euromonitor accepts no liability in regard to the derived data which has been presented here and furthermore, Euromonitor does not warrant that the Intelligence will be/is fit for any particular purpose(s) for which they are used as Euromonitor does not have any knowledge of, nor control over, those purposes.
Responsibilities for water safety sit with various Government departments, agencies, local authorities, and other public bodies. These include regular safety messaging and guidance to ensure people have the knowledge they need to keep themselves safe, as well as provision of safety/lifesaving equipment at water bodies. Water sports national governing bodies are responsible for providing advice and guidance for how to participate in their sports safely. Inland waterway navigation authorities conduct risk assessments to inform the provision of appropriate lifesaving equipment on their networks. In conjunction with other services, HM Coastguard provides safety advice and guidance about the coastal environment.
The National Water Safety Forum brings together a wide range of national groups, including some 80 local authorities, to create a ‘one-stop shop’ for the prevention of drowning and water safety harm in the UK. The Forum launched the UK Drowning Prevention Strategy 2016-2026 (copy attached), which aims to reduce the number of accidental drownings in the UK by 50% by 2026. The Local Government Association has developed a water safety toolkit (copy attached) for local authorities for use inland and on the coast.
The Government oversees policy and legislation with respect to the safe management of waste and litter as well as the protection of drains and sewers. This however does not extend to compelling or explicitly encouraging local authorities with regard to types of waste receptacles or their placement. These decisions are for local authorities to make.
The Building Regulations for England were updated in 2024 with the addition of a new ‘Part T’ which sets out toilet requirements in new non-domestic buildings in England. Part T is supported by statutory guidance which includes space for disposal bins in the design layouts. However, the Building Regulations are limited to the provision and design of toilet facilities and do not extend to the management and use of disposal bins.
The Health and Safety Executive (HSE) is reviewing the Approved Code of Practice (ACOP) and the guidance of the Workplace (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulations 1992 regarding the provision of disposal facilities in workplace toilets. This work is included within the Government’s wider plans under Make Work Pay, and HSE will hold appropriate consultation in due course.
I refer the hon. Member to the reply previously given on 20 January 2025, PQ HL3929, as no further discussions with Ofwat or water companies have taken place since.
The Government recognises that rainwater harvesting and other forms of water reuse can play a key role in helping non-households and businesses meet the statutory water demand reduction target of 9% by March 2038. We are therefore supporting water companies and developers to deliver water efficiency through both rainwater harvesting and other forms of water reuse.
We supported Ofwat on their consultation to provide environmental incentives to developers which included considering where new technologies and water efficient practices could be integrated into buildings and developments. Ofwat reported that water reuse solutions are likely to be an important tool for improving water efficiency in the medium term.
We are also looking into allowing water companies to supply treated, non-potable water, including rainwater, for certain water demands such as toilet flushing.
Through the next phase of Keep Britain Working we will work with businesses of all sizes to design solutions which support the health and wellbeing of employees across the UK. Through employer-led sprints, we are developing a Healthy Working Lifecycle Standard, tailored workplace health support, and stronger evidence on the business benefits of investing in employee wellbeing.
Our Vanguard group includes over 120 employers of varying sizes to ensure the approaches developed reflect the needs and realities of both large employers and SMEs. We are also working closely with regional authorities and leadership to connect the programme to smaller employers across the country.
During the Keep Britain Working review, we heard that employers are already bearing the cost of sickness absence and employees leaving the workforce and are therefore highly incentivised to support the health and wellbeing of their employees. Through the next phase of Keep Britain Working we will grow the evidence for what works and where additional incentives could have the greatest impact, ensuring that support is targeted in ways that encourage employers to take-up effective workplace health measures.
We welcome the findings from the Royal College of General Practitioners’ report, Tackling the GP workload crisis. Many of the recommendations align closely with our ongoing commitment to fixing the front door of the National Health Service by cutting red tape and ensuring general practitioners (GPs) can spend more time treating patients.
The 10-Year Health Plan sets out our commitment to delivering the recommendations of the Red Tape Challenge, including making improvements at the interface between primary and secondary care. These recommendations also highlight our ambition to improve customer service and experience through better patient communication, support, and navigation, as well as strengthening underpinning infrastructure.
The report also mentions simplifying incentives such as the Quality Outcomes Framework (QOF), which, for the 2025/26 GP Contract year, was streamlined significantly, with 32 out of the 76 indicators retired to reduce administrative burden for practices. For the 2026/27 GP Contract year, QOF remains streamlined, with 43 indicators.
We are continuing to work across the Government to better understand where additional burdens are being placed on GPs and, where possible, to remove unnecessary requirements and improve ways of working.
NHS England recognises that tariff arrangements can influence the delivery of home dialysis.
Subject to resource availability, NHS England aims to review renal replacement therapy tariffs in 2026/27. The review will cover in-centre dialysis, home dialysis, and transplantation, with the aim of ensuring that funding reflects clinical best practice and supports greater uptake of home dialysis where clinically appropriate.
NHS England also plans to calculate future prices using 2023/24 cost and activity data. Prices for 2027/28 will be the first to use post-COVID data, allowing changes in clinical activity and reported costs to be reflected.
The Government does not publicly comment on or publish the contents or outcomes of policy advice to ministers.
As the Government committed to in its letter of 5 March, it will be updating Baroness Casey in due course on the outcome of the advice.
There have been several discussions across Government on the development of work to accelerate clinical trials in dementia. An upcoming meeting between my Rt Hon. Friend, the Secretary of State for Health and Social Care, and Minister Vallance will discuss how to make the most of cross-Government opportunities to jointly deliver on these ambitions.
The Perinatal Mortality Review investigates all cases of stillbirth. The Maternity and Newborn Safety Investigation Programme investigates intrapartum stillbirths only. A coronial investigation may take place when the parents, or others, dispute that the baby was not born alive, and the outcome may be that the coroner will reclassify the disputed case as a neonatal death.
If parents believe the outcome of an investigation is unsatisfactory, they can refer to the parliamentary ombudsman. They independently investigate complaints about Government departments, other public organisations, and the National Health Service in England.
The UK National Screening Committee has undertaken several reviews of the evidence on screening for vasa praevia (VP), with the latest in 2023. These have included international evidence. The committee has also undertaken, and published, a modelling exercise to explore the way in which the findings from international evidence might play out in the United Kingdom’s population, titled The impact of ultrasound-based antenatal screening strategies to detect vasa praevia in the United Kingdom: An exploratory study using decision analytic modelling methods. This concluded that testing for VP in one of the known risk groups might help reduce VP in the UK while providing an opportunity to find out more about the condition.
The UK NSC has not previously considered the ethical implications of requiring randomised controlled trial (RCT) evidence for VP, as it has not insisted on this level of evidence. Even in the absence of screening, VP is a rare outcome.
The committee recognises the challenges of generating robust evidence in the context of rare conditions, for example, the criterion relating to RCT evidence is not applied rigidly in evaluations of rare diseases. Nevertheless, the committee requires an appropriate level of evidence to be confident that a screening programme would deliver more benefit than harm.
The committee remains open to ongoing dialogue with researchers and clinicians on how best to strengthen the evidence base and improve understanding of this condition.
The UK National Screening Committee has undertaken several reviews of the evidence on screening for vasa praevia (VP), with the latest in 2023. These have included international evidence. The committee has also undertaken, and published, a modelling exercise to explore the way in which the findings from international evidence might play out in the United Kingdom’s population, titled The impact of ultrasound-based antenatal screening strategies to detect vasa praevia in the United Kingdom: An exploratory study using decision analytic modelling methods. This concluded that testing for VP in one of the known risk groups might help reduce VP in the UK while providing an opportunity to find out more about the condition.
The UK NSC has not previously considered the ethical implications of requiring randomised controlled trial (RCT) evidence for VP, as it has not insisted on this level of evidence. Even in the absence of screening, VP is a rare outcome.
The committee recognises the challenges of generating robust evidence in the context of rare conditions, for example, the criterion relating to RCT evidence is not applied rigidly in evaluations of rare diseases. Nevertheless, the committee requires an appropriate level of evidence to be confident that a screening programme would deliver more benefit than harm.
The committee remains open to ongoing dialogue with researchers and clinicians on how best to strengthen the evidence base and improve understanding of this condition.
The independent investigation in National Health Service maternity and neonatal care led by Baroness Amos set out in its terms of reference that it will look to understand the potential role of coroners in the investigation of late term stillbirths and identify mistakes which would help prevent future deaths.
The investigation will not fulfil obligations under Section 4 of the Civil Partnerships, Marriages and Deaths (Registration etc) Act 2019, as that is for Government. We want to ensure the Government’s final conclusions on coronial investigations of stillbirths reflect any relevant findings and recommendations the independent investigation makes. We will carefully consider next steps following the publication of the final report.
The NHS App is the digital front door to the National Health Service, giving patients greater control and choice over their healthcare and better access to services. The Government currently has no plans to develop the NHS App using the Harmony Operating System (OS) or to assess related devices for accessibility.
Current United Kingdom levels of adoption to HarmonyOS are considered very low when compared to other mobile operating systems and we expect to continue using those systems that are the most accessible and helpful to patients. The NHS App is available through a web browser which provides similar functionality for people who can't directly use the NHS App.
The following table shows applications opened, completed, and approved, for both unique applicant email addresses, and organisations:
| 2023 | 2024 | 2025 |
Applications opened | 509 | 436 | 483 |
Unique Applicants | 379 | 330 | 343 |
Unique Organisations | 241 | 212 | 199 |
Applications completed (submitted) | 617 | 597 | 637 |
Unique Applicants | 473 | 453 | 468 |
Unique Organisations | 265 | 269 | 245 |
Applications approved by NHS England | 557 | 653 | 579 |
Unique Applicants | 437 | 441 | 391 |
Unique Organisations | 246 | 293 | 215 |
Applications opened shows applications that have been created by a user via the online system during the calendar year.
Applications completed is an application where the user has completed the data requirements using the online system and submitted to NHS England for review during the calendar year. An application may be submitted to NHS England multiple times following feedback.
Applications approved by NHS England are those which have received a favourable decision resulting in an agreement that has been signed internally by NHS England within the calendar year and passed to the applicant for signature. Applications may not reach approval for a variety of reasons, including withdrawal, that NHS England cannot supply the requested data, or that the application cannot meet the standards required.
The Government is committed to improving the lives of those living with rare diseases under the UK Rare Diseases Framework. We published the fifth annual England action plan in February 2026, where we report on the steps we have taken to advance the priorities of the framework.
The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) published a Quality Standard for Rare Diseases in February 2026 covering diagnosing, managing and treating rare diseases in children, young people and adults. NICE Quality Standards are concise statements designed to drive measurable improvements in care, and Integrated Care Boards are expected to take them fully into account in the design of services that meet the needs of their local populations.
Rare autoimmune rheumatic diseases, such as lupus, scleroderma, myositis, Sjögren’s disease and vasculitis, do not each have their own dedicated service specifications. Instead, care for these conditions is delivered through Specialised Rheumatology Services and Specialised Immunology Services, alongside linked services including renal, dermatology, endocrinology, hepatology and neurology. These service specifications set out the core requirements for clinical teams and how they should coordinate patient care. Where a specific care coordinator role is not defined within the specification, clinical nurse specialists often take on this responsibility.
The National Disease Registration Service (NDRS) in NHS England collects, curates, quality assures and analyses data on people with rare and congenital conditions across the whole of England. NDRS continues to develop approaches to improve rare disease case ascertainment through collection and linkage of multiple datasets. For rare autoimmune conditions specifically, NDRS has reported on several of these conditions within the Rare Conditions Registration Statistics and has published several peer-reviewed articles in this area.
NHS England requires data submission to the relevant Specialised Services Quality Dashboard as part of contractual requirements. These often include specific patient experience measures such as quality-of-life scores. In the future, it is expected that the Department will maintain a national framework of standards, service specifications and policies to support services.
The Government is committed to improving the lives of those living with rare diseases under the UK Rare Diseases Framework. We published the fifth annual England action plan in February 2026, where we report on the steps we have taken to advance the priorities of the framework.
The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) published a Quality Standard for Rare Diseases in February 2026 covering diagnosing, managing and treating rare diseases in children, young people and adults. NICE Quality Standards are concise statements designed to drive measurable improvements in care, and Integrated Care Boards are expected to take them fully into account in the design of services that meet the needs of their local populations.
Rare autoimmune rheumatic diseases, such as lupus, scleroderma, myositis, Sjögren’s disease and vasculitis, do not each have their own dedicated service specifications. Instead, care for these conditions is delivered through Specialised Rheumatology Services and Specialised Immunology Services, alongside linked services including renal, dermatology, endocrinology, hepatology and neurology. These service specifications set out the core requirements for clinical teams and how they should coordinate patient care. Where a specific care coordinator role is not defined within the specification, clinical nurse specialists often take on this responsibility.
The National Disease Registration Service (NDRS) in NHS England collects, curates, quality assures and analyses data on people with rare and congenital conditions across the whole of England. NDRS continues to develop approaches to improve rare disease case ascertainment through collection and linkage of multiple datasets. For rare autoimmune conditions specifically, NDRS has reported on several of these conditions within the Rare Conditions Registration Statistics and has published several peer-reviewed articles in this area.
NHS England requires data submission to the relevant Specialised Services Quality Dashboard as part of contractual requirements. These often include specific patient experience measures such as quality-of-life scores. In the future, it is expected that the Department will maintain a national framework of standards, service specifications and policies to support services.