Baroness Whitaker

The Government has not released specific guidance on what is defined as a disability, as every case is different. However the Equality Act 2010 clearly sets out what is included as a disability. namely as “a physical or mental impairment which has a substantial and long-term adverse effect on a person’s ability to carry out normal day-to-day activities.” The Act describes “long-term” as where an impairment has lasted, or is likely to last for at least 12 months, or where the impairment is likely to last for the rest of a person’s life. “Substantial” is defined as an impairment that is more than minor or trivial.

The Equality and Human Rights Commission’s guidance provides greater clarity on the broad definition of disability which can be found here https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5a80dcc8ed915d74e6230df4/Equality_Act_2010-disability_definition.pdf

The information requested falls under the remit of the UK Statistics Authority.

Please see the letter attached from the National Statistician and Chief Executive of the UK Statistics Authority.

The Baroness Whitaker

House of Lords

London

SW1A 0PW

27 November 2024

Dear Baroness Whitaker,

As National Statistician and Chief Executive of the UK Statistics Authority, I am responding to your Parliamentary Question asking, further to the Written Answer by Lord Collins of Highbury on 4 November (HL1791), what plans we have to separate the categories of "Gypsy" and "Irish Traveller" in statistics in Government departments; and whether we plan to modify the Census to reflect this (HL2732).

1. What plans we have to separate the categories of “Gypsy” and “Irish Traveller” in statistics in Government departments:

A category for ‘Gypsy or Irish Traveller’ was added to the Census ethnic group question for the first time in 2011. Space constraints on the census questionnaire meant that separate categories for each group could not be included in the 2011 Census. Consultations with users of Census data revealed that although some users would prefer separate tick boxes, the majority of users of Census information considered the combined tick-box to be satisfactory. Other categories in the question also cover several ethnic groups, for example ‘African’ and ‘Indian’. Given the space constraints of the census questionnaire, the ethnic group question has always required a selection of categories that are few enough to be practical yet detailed enough to be useful for measuring real world racial inequalities.

The Census 2011 ethnicity questions were adjusted so they could be used in the 2021 censuses for England and Wales, and Northern Ireland; and the 2022 Census for Scotland. As part of this adjustment a Roma category was added in 2021. There was strong evidence of a different user need for population data on the Roma population when compared with data on the Gypsy or Irish Traveller population.

The ethnicity harmonised standard[1] we currently recommend to producers of official statistics is based on the 2011 Census questions across the UK. Development of this ethnicity standard is one of the priority topic areas for the Government Statistical Service (GSS) Harmonisation team. The broad aim of our ethnicity harmonisation workplan[2] is to improve the inclusivity of the question for minority ethnic groups. This will involve testing possible improvements and changes to the question design and response categories. To date we have undertaken a range of research including desk research, engagement with people who use or collect ethnicity survey and administrative data, and engagement with the public. We have published two reports exploring user needs for a new standard, in March 2023[3] and July 2023[4]. We are also gathering information to understand how ethnicity response options are used by participants, including reviewing data from the ‘write in’ responses collected across a range of data sources, and requests received for new proposed ethnic group response categories for Census 2021[5].

Qualitative research into the lived experiences of Gypsies and Travellers in England and Wales, published in 2022[6], highlighted the circumstances and needs of Gypsies and Travellers relating to a range of different areas including health, education, employment and accommodation. The findings provided insights into the culture and identity of Gypsies and Travellers, and how these are changing over time, including decision-making processes for individuals disclosing their ethnicity, for example to employers or service providers, and anticipated and experienced discrimination linked to this.

Our work to update the ethnicity harmonised standard will bring together information from all these sources to evaluate possible improvements and changes to the question design. This work will include further engagement with the public, community groups, people involved in collecting and publishing administrative data, civil society organisations and other interested parties both within and outside government.

2. Whether we plan to modify the Census to reflect this:

Decisions regarding the future of population and migration statistics, including the census, will be taken by the Government over the next two years with advice from the UK Statistics Authority. As such, it is too early to comment on specific approaches as part of a potential future census. The Future Population and Migration Statistics programme has an ongoing programme of user needs engagement and carried out a consultation in 2023, which acknowledged the importance of collecting data on a variety of topics, including ethnicity.

Yours sincerely,

Professor Sir Ian Diamond

[1]Ethnicity harmonised standard – Government Analysis Function

[2]Government Statistical Service (GSS) Harmonisation Team workplan 2024 – Government Analysis Function

[3]Review of ethnicity harmonised standard: findings from phase 1 of our research – Government Analysis Function

[4]Review of ethnicity harmonised standard: findings from phase 2 of our research – Government Analysis Function

[5]Ethnic group tick-box prioritisation report for Census 2021 in England and Wales - Office for National Statistics

[6]Gypsies’ and Travellers’ lived experiences, overview, England and Wales - Office for National Statistics

The Government expects tidal stream to play a role in the 2030 energy mix, with even more potential to help meet the UK’s longer-term decarbonisation objectives beyond 2030.

Wave energy technologies have promise and the Government is closely monitoring the strides being made by the sector. These technologies are currently at the research and design (R&D) stage and may still have an important role to play in the UK energy system post-2030.

The Holocaust is the only historic event which is compulsory within the current national curriculum for history at key stage 3. The government has made a commitment that the Holocaust will remain a compulsory topic in the reformed national curriculum, which will also be required teaching in academy schools when it is implemented.

The history curriculum gives teachers and schools the freedom to decide how to teach the subject and what resources to use to support an understanding of the Holocaust and the Nazi’s persecution of non-Jewish groups including the genocide of the Roma. This can already include the work of the International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance.

The government supports the teaching of Holocaust education by funding teachers’ professional development in this subject through University College London’s Centre for Holocaust Education (CfHE), and the Holocaust Educational Trust’s (HET) Lessons from Auschwitz project, which gives students aged 16 to 18 the opportunity to visit Auschwitz-Birkenau. CfHE will receive £500,000 in government funding in the 2024/25 financial year, match funded by the Pears Foundation, and HET will receive £2.3 million. Both Lessons from Auschwitz and the knowledge and training provided by the CfHE include information and resources to support an understanding of the Holocaust and the Nazi’s persecution of other non-Jewish groups, including the genocide of the Roma.

In addition, a further £2 million funding for Holocaust remembrance and education was committed in the Autumn Budget on 30 October 2024. This will be used to support the ambition set by my right hon. Friend, the Prime Minister for all students to have the opportunity to hear a recorded survivor testimony. The department is currently exploring how it can support schools to fulfil this ambition.

The School Attendance (Pupil Registration) (England) Regulations 2024 and accompanying statutory guidance ‘Working together to improve school attendance’ use the term ‘mobile child’ to describe a child of compulsory school age who has no fixed abode and whose parent is engaged in a trade or business that requires them to move from place to place. This is a new term, but covers the same children as section 444(6) of the Education Act 1996.

Parents of mobile children have longstanding protection in attendance law and guidance, including how absence is recorded in the register, but feedback from parents, schools and local authorities suggested inconsistency in how these are applied. The term ‘mobile child’ is intended to clarify that the provisions are for all pupils who meet the definition as set out in regulation 3 of the 2024 Pupil Registration Regulations (and the statutory guidance) and that they concern the child’s mobility rather than ethnicity.

A draft of the new Regulations and guidance was subject to full public consultation in 2022 and training has been provided both to schools and local authorities to improve consistency and support implementation. The department will continue to monitor feedback on implementation during the 2024/25 academic year.

The School Attendance (Pupil Registration) (England) Regulations 2024 and accompanying statutory guidance ‘Working together to improve school attendance’ use the term ‘mobile child’ to describe a child of compulsory school age who has no fixed abode and whose parent is engaged in a trade or business that requires them to move from place to place. This is a new term, but covers the same children as section 444(6) of the Education Act 1996.

Parents of mobile children have longstanding protection in attendance law and guidance, including how absence is recorded in the register, but feedback from parents, schools and local authorities suggested inconsistency in how these are applied. The term ‘mobile child’ is intended to clarify that the provisions are for all pupils who meet the definition as set out in regulation 3 of the 2024 Pupil Registration Regulations (and the statutory guidance) and that they concern the child’s mobility rather than ethnicity.

A draft of the new Regulations and guidance was subject to full public consultation in 2022 and training has been provided both to schools and local authorities to improve consistency and support implementation. The department will continue to monitor feedback on implementation during the 2024/25 academic year.

The School Attendance (Pupil Registration) (England) Regulations 2024 and accompanying statutory guidance ‘Working together to improve school attendance’ use the term ‘mobile child’ to describe a child of compulsory school age who has no fixed abode and whose parent is engaged in a trade or business that requires them to move from place to place. This is a new term, but covers the same children as section 444(6) of the Education Act 1996.

Parents of mobile children have longstanding protection in attendance law and guidance, including how absence is recorded in the register, but feedback from parents, schools and local authorities suggested inconsistency in how these are applied. The term ‘mobile child’ is intended to clarify that the provisions are for all pupils who meet the definition as set out in regulation 3 of the 2024 Pupil Registration Regulations (and the statutory guidance) and that they concern the child’s mobility rather than ethnicity.

A draft of the new Regulations and guidance was subject to full public consultation in 2022 and training has been provided both to schools and local authorities to improve consistency and support implementation. The department will continue to monitor feedback on implementation during the 2024/25 academic year.

The School Attendance (Pupil Registration) (England) Regulations 2024 and accompanying statutory guidance ‘Working together to improve school attendance’ use the term ‘mobile child’ to describe a child of compulsory school age who has no fixed abode and whose parent is engaged in a trade or business that requires them to move from place to place. This is a new term, but covers the same children as section 444(6) of the Education Act 1996.

Parents of mobile children have longstanding protection in attendance law and guidance, including how absence is recorded in the register, but feedback from parents, schools and local authorities suggested inconsistency in how these are applied. The term ‘mobile child’ is intended to clarify that the provisions are for all pupils who meet the definition as set out in regulation 3 of the 2024 Pupil Registration Regulations (and the statutory guidance) and that they concern the child’s mobility rather than ethnicity.

A draft of the new Regulations and guidance was subject to full public consultation in 2022 and training has been provided both to schools and local authorities to improve consistency and support implementation. The department will continue to monitor feedback on implementation during the 2024/25 academic year.

The UK already has strong regulations in place to protect the environment and contravention of many of these is a criminal offence. These are enforced by regulators who can seek criminal convictions to punish significant and or persistent environmental offending.

Through the Environment Act 2021 the Government legislated to protect and enhance the natural environment, including setting legally binding targets and publishing the Environmental Improvement Plan (EIP). The Government has concluded a rapid review of the existing Environmental Improvement Plan (EIP23). We published a statement of the rapid review’s key findings on 30 January 2025 (copy attached), to be followed by publication of a revised EIP later this year. We will develop a new, statutory plan to protect and restore our natural environment with delivery information to help meet each of our ambitious Environment Act targets.

We know that some patients will struggle to access digital services. We will ensure patients have multiple routes of access to primary care by guaranteeing a face-to-face general practice appointment to anyone who wants one, and by implementing a modern booking system to end the 8:00am rush. Digital tools used in primary care settings must meet required minimum standards of functionality set by NHS England, ensuring a consistent quality of service for patients, and all organisations providing National Health Services, including primary care providers, must follow the Accessible Information Standard.

We are clear that all online tools must be provided as an additional option, not as a replacement for more accessible channels like telephone or reception services. This ensures that individuals without access to digital technology, including those from disadvantaged groups, are not excluded and can choose the method of communication that works best for them. All patients should be treated equitably no matter what route they access general practice with.

Enablers of digital inclusion in primary care for Gypsy, Roma and Traveller Communities recommends that primary care services offer flexibility and choice, including non-digital access routes, and that accessibility should be prioritised when designing digital services.

We will ensure patients have multiple routes of access to primary care by guaranteeing a face-to-face general practice appointment to anyone who wants one, and by implementing a modern booking system to end the 8:00am rush. Digital tools used in primary care settings must meet required minimum standards of functionality set by NHS England, ensuring a consistent quality of service for patients, and all organisations providing National Health Services, including primary care providers, must follow the Accessible Information Standard.

The purpose of the strategy was to set a direction for suicide prevention for all organisations to consider (national and local government, researchers and VCSE sectors). The ambitions outlined in the Suicide Prevention Strategy of September 2023 cover five years and include research on and better understanding of national trends and suicide rates in particular groups, including Gypsy, Roma and Traveller people.

A qualitative research project exploring the lived experiences of Roma people in England and Wales, including priorities, needs and access to services, will shortly be starting. This project is led by the Qualitative Research Team, within the Centre for Equalities and Inclusion at the Office for National Statistics, delivered in partnership with Migration Yorkshire, Roma Support Group and the University of Sheffield, and in collaboration with the Department of Health and Social Care, Department for Education and Cabinet Office.

This project will provide insights into how Roma communities’ needs change over their lifetime and identify barriers to accessing services, including for maternal and mental health. Depending on the findings, this research may give us insight into the factors contributing to suicide risk within Roma communities and enable us to develop more targeted prevention strategies that resonate with the Roma community’s unique experiences and challenges, address the unique needs of the young Roma population in England and anticipate how migration and settlement patterns may influence their future healthcare requirements.

More broadly, our Inclusion Health initiative aims to support the Gypsy, Roma, and Traveller communities and other inclusion health groups. This program is specifically designed to address the unique needs of socially excluded groups.

We are very clear that a general practice (GP) cannot refuse registering a patient based on the race or ethnicity, gender, social class, age, religion, sexual orientation, appearance, disability, or medical conditions of the patient. This encompasses patients from gypsy, Roma, and traveller communities.

GPs have a responsibility to register people who are homeless, have no fixed abode, or are legitimately unable to provide documentation as proof of living within the catchment area. An individual should not be refused registration or appointments because they do not have a proof of address or personal identification. It is not considered a reasonable ground to refuse registration.

The General Medical Services Regulations were updated to require practices to use a standardised registration system that doesn't require identification or an address. Additionally, the regulations now require GPs to provide an online consultation tool, allowing patients to manage appointments, and view and request repeat prescriptions digitally. This service also simplifies electronic registration with GP surgeries. Digital registration is designed to accommodate diverse patient needs, enhancing accessibility, and making it easier for patients to register without visiting the practice in person.

However, to ensure that patients aren’t digitally excluded, the GP contract is clear that patients should always have the option of visiting their practice in person, and all online tools must always be provided in addition to, rather than as a replacement for, other channels for accessing a GP. Practice receptions should be open so that patients without access to telephone or online services are in no way disadvantaged.

We know that patients are struggling to access general practice (GP), and that these struggles can be particularly acute in inclusion health groups such as gypsy, Roma, and traveller communities.

We want to ensure that digital healthcare services are available to those who need them. The GP contract requires GPs to provide an online consultation tool, allowing patients to manage appointments, and view and request repeat prescriptions digitally. This service also simplifies electronic registration with GP surgeries. Digital registration is designed to accommodate diverse patient needs, enhancing accessibility, and making it easier for patients to register without visiting the practice in person.

However, to ensure that patients aren’t digitally excluded, the GP contract is clear that patients should always have the option of visiting their practice in person, and all online tools must always be provided in addition to, rather than as a replacement for, other channels for accessing GPs. Practice receptions should be open so that patients without access to a telephone or online services are in no way disadvantaged.

We regularly engage with Israel, including to discuss recent events in Syria and the importance of refraining from actions that could risk aggravating tensions between Syrian communities. We will continue to work with the Syrian Government and international partners, including Israel, to advocate for the protection all Syrians.

Recent violence against the Druze community in Syria was appalling. In our statement on 3 May, we publicly urged the Syrian government to take steps to shield civilians from violence and hold those responsible to account. The protection of all civilians and their full inclusion in the transition process is vital for peace in Syria. This will continue to be a priority in our engagement with the Syrian government.

The UK supports programmes working to address the root causes of intercommunal violence in Nigeria through locally led peace-building efforts. Through our Strengthening Peace and Resilience programme ('SPRING') the UK is providing £38 million to reduce rural violence in northwest and north-central Nigeria, including by supporting collaboration and productive livelihoods for both farmers and pastoralists, and strengthening conflict early warning, management and response. The UK Government also funds the provision of legal and judicial expertise to make legislative changes to protect Freedom of Religion or Belief (FoRB), including addressing blasphemy laws. The right of individuals to express their beliefs or non-belief is essential to a free and open society. Our dialogue on human rights, including FoRB, will remain an important part of the UK's partnership with Nigeria.

The Government is deeply concerned by the use of blasphemy laws that undermine human rights including freedom of religion or belief (FoRB) and freedom of expression. The UK regularly raises FoRB issues in multilateral fora and our important bilateral work.

The Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office continues to work with countries (or governments) that request support on legislative reform through our programme funding, including the John Bunyan Fund, a designated programme for FoRB-focused overseas projects, and the Rule of Law Expertise (ROLE UK) programme.

Together with our partners, including the International Bar Association Human Rights Institute and the UK legal sector, we are supporting efforts across seven countries in this area, including on increasing knowledge on international standards and protections through existing legislation.

The UK condemns Iran's restrictions against Freedom of Religion or Belief. Baha'is face particularly acute repression by the authorities in Iran, which includes but is not limited to unfair arrest, detention, and lengthy prison sentences. We are committed to working with international partners to hold Iran to account for its repression of the Bahai's, and other religious minorities, including at the UN Third Committee. The UK raised ongoing discrimination against minority groups during Iran's Universal Period Review on 24 January.