Question to the Department of Health and Social Care:

To ask the Secretary of State for Health and Social Care, what assessment his Department has made of the potential merits of providing funding for research into the early detection of sepsis.

The Department funds research on health and social care through the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR). The NIHR welcomes funding applications for research into any aspect of human health and care, including sepsis diagnosis. These applications are subject to peer review and judged in open competition, with awards being made on the basis of the importance of the topic to patients, and health and care services, value for money, and scientific quality.

In the last five years, the NIHR has invested over £9.2 million into 10 research projects to improve the diagnosis of sepsis. In addition, the NIHR Research Delivery Network, which helps patients, the public, and health and care organisations to participate in high quality research, has supported 19 studies on sepsis diagnosis.

The NIHR’s investment into sepsis diagnosis includes research into the application of novel point-of-care diagnostic tests for sepsis, predicting those most at-risk of developing sepsis, and evaluating the accuracy of pre-existing measures to identify patients with suspected sepsis.

For example, the NIHR funded the Prehospital early warning scores for adults with suspected sepsis (PHEWS) study, which aimed to determine the impact and accuracy of early warning scores to identify sepsis requiring urgent treatment. In 2024, the PHEWS study found that the National Early Warning score, a standardized early warning system based on simple measurements used to identify acutely ill patients, including those with sepsis, was as good as or better than all the other scores to prioritize people with suspected sepsis, and avoided missing patients with sepsis. This finding supports the early diagnosis of sepsis in patients, therefore reducing treatment delay, and consequentially deaths caused by sepsis.

The UK Health Security Agency is conducting ongoing work to explore the development of two diagnostic tests to bridge gaps in early detection and disease confirmation, and inform detection and ongoing management.