Question to the HM Treasury:

To ask the Chancellor of the Exchequer, what assessment she has made with Cabinet colleagues of the potential impact of the decision to make inheritance tax applicable to private businesses on (a) SME owners, (b) employees and (c) tax revenues.

The reforms to agricultural property relief and business property relief from 6 April 2026 get the balance right between supporting farms and businesses, fixing the public finances, and funding public services. The reforms reduce the inheritance tax advantages available to owners of agricultural and business assets, but still mean those assets will be taxed at a much lower effective rate than most other assets. The Government will maintain very significant levels of relief from inheritance tax beyond what is available to others and compared to the position before 1992 when the rate of relief was a maximum of 50 per cent on all agricultural and business assets, including the first £2.5 million. Where inheritance tax is due, those liable for a charge can pay any liability on the relevant assets over 10 annual instalments, interest-free.

The reforms announced by the Government are expected to result in up to 185 estates claiming agricultural property relief, including those also claiming business property relief, paying more inheritance tax in 2026-27. This means around 85 per cent of estates claiming agricultural property relief, including those that also claim for business property relief, will not pay any more tax.

Excluding estates only holding shares designated as ‘not listed’ on the markets of recognised stock exchanges, the reforms are also expected to result in up to 220 estates across the UK only claiming business property relief paying more inheritance tax in 2026-27. This means just over 80 per cent of such estates making claims are forecast to not pay any more inheritance tax.

A tax information and impact note has been published, which sets out the reforms are not expected to have a significant macroeconomic impact. This is available at www.gov.uk/government/publications/changes-to-agricultural-property-relief-and-business-property-relief/agricultural-property-relief-and-business-property-relief-changes.