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The Minister for Health and Secondary Care (Will Quince)
It is a pleasure to serve under your chairmanship, Mrs Harris. I thank the hon. Member for Strangford (Jim Shannon) for securing this important debate on appraisals for cancer medicines and thank all Members who have contributed to a hugely valuable discussion.
The hon. Member said that he thought the debate would be a presentation of a united front, and that has been demonstrated today. He also said that he hoped he was pushing at an open door. On many of the points he made, he certainly is doing that. He spoke with great passion and empathy for those who suffer from this terrible disease, and I commend him for bringing this issue to my attention and the attention of the Government. Unusually, for a Westminster Hall debate, I have some time to respond to the points, so as ever, I will offer all Members who would like it a meeting to discuss any of the issues that have been raised in greater depth, but I will try to cover them in as much detail as I can in my response.
According to Cancer Research UK, one in two people will develop cancer at some point in their lives. There are around 290,000 new cancer diagnoses a year, equating to around 780 every single day. I am acutely aware as a Health Minister that when we use statistics such as these, we must remember, as the hon. Member for Mitcham and Morden (Siobhain McDonagh) eloquently and articulately pointed out, that these are people; these are human beings who we all know and love—a dear friend, a loved one, a member of our family. It is important when we talk about statistics that we do not lose sight of that.
Let me turn to the hon. Lady’s contribution. She made a powerful speech, and it is not the first that I have heard from her and had the good fortune to respond to. She rightly made a powerful and emotive case on behalf of her sister Margaret and all those who suffer and have suffered with brain tumours. I think she knows my commitment to doing all I can to improve the situation in relation to brain tumours. In truth, I think I have spent more time on this particular issue in my time as a Minister than I have on any other condition under the umbrella of the major conditions strategy. I will continue to do so, not just because of the powerful case that she makes, along with others across this House and campaigners, but because I know there is an injustice in that this area does not get the attention it deserves, and I want to address that. I have raised it with the chief scientific adviser, who heads up the NIHR, and it is important to also raise it with NICE.
I have met the hon. Lady, and I would be happy to do so again. She makes a powerful case that we need the pharmaceutical industry to step up in this space, and I am keen to work with her to see what more we can and should do to make sure that happens. Finally, let me thank her for her kind words about my leaving Parliament at the next election. I assure her that I will do all I can for as long as I am in this role to help her achieve the objectives she seeks.
I join the hon. Member for Strangford in paying tribute to all the cancer charities—some very large and some very small—that work to support patients up and down this country. He is right to draw the House’s attention to that.
The NHS has seen enormously high demand for cancer checks. More than 2.8 million people were seen in the 12 months to April this year, up by 26% compared with the same period pre-pandemic. That returning demand is positive after the falls we saw during the pandemic. We are working closely with NHS England to reduce the amount of time people are waiting to receive a diagnosis, and we are making progress; it is not as fast as I would like, but we are working very hard to make progress. The latest published figures show that the 62-day cancer backlog for the week ending 30 April stood at 22,533. It has fallen by 34% since its peak in the pandemic, but I am acutely aware—this preys on my mind every single day—that it amounts to more than 22,000 people, too many of whom have had to wait 62 days and are struggling with the anxiety of waiting for either a diagnosis or the all-clear.
The hon. Member for Strangford set out the scale of the challenge we face, which I touched on there, but I will move on to what we are doing to address this. The Government are spending more than £8 billion on the elective recovery fund, £700 million on the targeted investment fund and, importantly, as has been referenced in a number of contributions, £2.3 billion of capital funding has been made available to increase our diagnostic capacity—those 160 additional community diagnostic centres. I was able to give the hon. Member for Denton and Reddish (Andrew Gwynne) some good news on that for his constituency recently.
We have 108 community diagnostic centres operational at the moment. I announced a further number only last week, and we have another eight coming on stream. We want to get to 160 centres by 2025, but I want to do it as quickly as we possibly can. There will also be additional surgical hubs. Those CDCs have already since July 2021 delivered over 4 million checks, so we have to get those open and operational as quickly as possible.
Liz Saville Roberts
The Minister is of course aware of the proposal for a medical radioisotopes facility in north Wales, which is crucial for diagnosis in the future. I wonder whether he is also aware that this would complement Bangor University’s Nuclear Futures Institute and its planned new medical school. We are all aware of the shortage of clinicians. I am concerned that the centre for doctoral training in nuclear energy futures at Bangor, which plays a vital role for PhD projects and their funding, has had its application for renewal rejected by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council.
I would be grateful if the Minister clarified whether he is aware of this issue. I appreciate that it is local, but when we are looking at the future, these local solutions will be absolutely critical. If he is not aware of this, could he commit to raising it with the Department for Science, Innovation and Technology and his counterparts in the Welsh Government? Most importantly, could I plead with the Minister for a meeting with him to discuss the wider issue of radioisotopes availability, their cost and the security of supply in the future?
Will Quince
The answer to both is yes, and yes. If the right hon. Lady would write to me with the details, I will certainly raise the issue and meet to discuss radioisotopes specifically.
NHS England is working very closely with the independent sector to ensure that we are using all the available capacity to us to deliver both diagnoses and treatment as quickly as possible. The Government announced the major conditions strategy on 24 January, which is important for cancer as it draws on previous work on cancer. Over 5,000 submissions were provided as part of our call for evidence last year, and we will continue to work closely with stakeholders, the public and patients—whose voice should never be forgotten, as the hon. Member for Strangford rightly points out—and the NHS in the coming weeks to identify the actions we need to take as part of the strategy that will have the most impact.
Specifically on NICE appraisals, the hon. Member raised several concerns about the way in which cancer medicines are appraised. Members will know that NICE is rightly independent of Government. It is an expert body that makes evidence-based recommendations to the NHS on whether new medicines should be routinely funded by the NHS on the basis of on assessment of clinical and cost effectiveness. Those recommendations then develop, mainly for the NHS in England, but as was mentioned, they are usually adopted by the NHS in Wales and in Northern Ireland. Scotland has its own system. This is a difficult matter to raise, but it is important to point out that every pound that we spend on a new medicine is money that is not available for other services, and the NICE appraisal process ensures that NHS funds are spent in a way that provides the greatest health benefit to society. That is a hugely difficult job, which NICE does with great professionalism.
Again, it is important to point out that NICE appraises all new medicines and that its approval rate for cancer medicines has consistently been around 90%–I think that the latest figure is 92%. It is absolutely right that when NICE recommends a medicine for the NHS, it is available for patients and NHS England is required to fund that drug or treatment. I know that the NHS in Northern Ireland and in Wales has adopted a similar model.
NICE’s methods and processes for assessing new medicines are internationally respected, and they have evolved over time to ensure that they reflect best practice and keep pace with advances in medical science. As my hon. Friend the Member for Chatham and Aylesford (Tracey Crouch) pointed out—I will come on to this in some detail— NICE concluded a comprehensive review of its appraisal methods and processes last year, which it carried out with a high level of ambition and transparency. As she pointed out, changes include the introduction of a new severity modifier, which will give NICE more flexibility to recommend medicines for more severe diseases at higher prices. The severity modifier replaces the previous flexibility for end-of-life treatments.
My hon. Friend raised some concerns about that, and I always listen very carefully to what she says on this and many other issues, especially given her personal experience and campaigning. She is right to say that the situation is hugely complex, and her point about data is a really good one, because decisions need to be informed by good-quality data. I would be happy to meet her to discuss how we can ensure that we are collecting data not just on a regional basis, but nationally, so that we can make sure that NICE is making informed decisions. As she rightly points out, we need to ensure that patients and their voices are always at the heart of all the decisions made by not just the Government, but NICE. I would be happy to meet her to discuss that in greater detail.
On the broader point about whether the introduction of a severity modifier in place of an end-of-life modifier will affect cancer drugs specifically, analysis was carried out by NICE in developing the modifier. It indicated that the vast majority of cancer medicines that would have been eligible for the end-of-life modifier would also be eligible for a weighting under the severity modifier. I am happy to meet my hon. Friend and any other Members who would like to meet NICE to discuss this issue further.
Tracey Crouch
I think it is very important that the Minister also meets the pharmaceutical companies, because there is a counterclaim to the statistic from NICE that he has just given. The pharmaceuticals say that, actually, a significant percentage—I cannot remember off the top of my head what it is—of drugs would not pass the test. My plea to him is to sit down with all interested parties and not just listen to NICE’s statistics on this issue.
Will Quince
My hon. Friend is absolutely right, and I regularly meet the pharmaceutical industry, not least because of VPAS, which I will come on to discuss because it has been raised by a number of Members. While I understand the concern, it is absolutely right that assessment of clinical and cost effectiveness reflect up-to-date clinical pathways, evidence and evaluative methods and processes. However, my hon. Friend is absolutely right to say that we should also hear and understand the views and concerns of the pharmaceutical industry so that we have a rounded, balanced view and the full picture, to make sure that there are no unintended consequences because of the action that is being taken.
The hon. Member for Strangford mentioned non-uniform pricing and VPAS, so let me come on to that specifically. The tricky thing is that the negotiations for the next VPAS are currently under way. Given that there are ongoing discussions, it would not be appropriate for me to go into too much detail, because of the commercial sensitivity. It would also be inappropriate to set up a working group to review NHS England’s policy on non-uniform pricing. What I would say is that if changes were made to the wording in the next VPAS on commercial flexibilities, they would be reflected in an updated commercial framework for new medicines.
The hon. Members for Strangford and for Denton and Reddish raised clinical trials. We are doing a huge amount of work in that space because I recognise some of the issues and challenges that the hon. Member for Denton and Reddish set out. That is why we commissioned the O’Shaughnessy review into clinical trials, and why we accepted Lord O’Shaughnessy’s recommendations in full. We should take a step back for one moment and look at the work that we did as a country and an industry on clinical trials, particularly relating to covid. We basically shut down huge numbers of clinical trials to focus on a vaccine. To be fair, this country absolutely led the way in that, and we should be very proud of what we did, but we have not been fast enough in switching clinical trials back on and we have lost some of our competitive edge in relation to other countries, as the hon. Gentleman pointed out. The reality is that it is a race; clinical trials are globally competitive, and other countries, including Spain, have seized the advantage and are fighting hard for market share. We have to make sure we are a competitive place. That is about clinical trials but also our regulatory environment.
The hon. Member for Midlothian (Owen Thompson) made good points about the MHRA. We are absolutely looking at its processes and procedures, and we are putting an extra £10 million into it over the next two years to ensure it is a world-class regulator that is one of the fastest and most effective and efficient. It is already highly respected, but we must ensure that it does things at the right speed. That is very much on my radar, and as I said we are accepting the recommendations.
The hon. Member for Denton and Reddish also raised the cancer drugs fund. Since 2016, NICE has been able to recommend medicines for use through the Government’s £340 million cancer drugs fund, which enables patients to receive promising new treatments for a time-limited, managed access period while further evidence is being collected. That is then considered by NICE when determining whether a medicine should be routinely funded by the NHS. Since that fund was created in 2016, it has helped more than 91,000 patients in England, and more in other places, to access innovative medicines.
Siobhain McDonagh
Those 91,000 did not include people suffering from a glioblastoma. We are not anywhere near NICE. We have not got that far. The drugs are not there. There is nothing. None of this works for people with glioblastoma. I do not want to mislead the Minister into thinking that I care only about my sister, Margaret. I draw hon. Members’ attention to early-day motion 1233, in my name, to commend the life of Laura Nuttall, a young woman diagnosed with a glioblastoma aged 18. She died on 22 May. I want to pass on all our condolences to her mum, Nicola, her sister, Gracie, and her father. Laura was a shining light and an ambassador for the Brain Tumour Charity. Although she was told that had only a year to live, she managed to live for four and a half years and secured a 2:1 in her degree. Laura highlighted that brain tumours are the greatest killer of people under the age of 40, who are being let down.
Will Quince
I totally take the hon. Lady’s point when she says that it is not all about her sister, Margaret— I know that from her contributions. Often in this place, we draw on our personal experiences, which enable us to bring to life powerfully and emotively what others are experiencing. I thank her for sharing Laura’s experience, and I send my condolences to Laura’s friends and family.
The hon. Lady is absolutely right that the cancer drugs fund can bring forward only innovative medicines that have gone through the clinical trials process. I will be very happy to work with her and meet her again to discuss how we get more research in this space. That is the key to so much, in relation to tacking brain tumours.
The hon. Member for Strangford spoke about the challenges presented by combination therapies. The commercial framework also recognises that realising the full potential health benefits from combination drug therapies can be challenging, given the requirement for commercial confidentiality and the need to maintain competition. Having said all that, NHS England has a proven ability to negotiate commercial agreements that secure combination treatments for patients. Just last month, deals were struck to enable NICE to recommend Keytruda and Lenvima for hundreds of women with advanced endometrial cancer. Progress is being made, but again, I would be happy to discuss the issue further.
Again, I thank the hon. Member for Strangford for securing this important debate and for his continued interest in the appraisal of cancer medicines and access to cancer treatments for NHS patients. I also thank other Members who have made such powerful contributions.
If one message comes across, Mrs Harris, I hope that Members are assured that the Government and I remain firm in our commitment to making the most promising and effective new cancer treatments available to NHS patients. The hon. Member for Denton and Reddish said that this is not a political issue, and I agree. It would be impossible to find anyone in the House who does not want to ensure that patients across the United Kingdom get access to the most innovative and cutting-edge medicines for cancer and other diseases, as quickly as possible. We all have a common endeavour there.
It is important to acknowledge the huge role that NICE has played, with its world-leading health technology assessment. It has enabled NHS patients to be at the forefront of access to new cancer treatments, in a way that also represents value for the taxpayer. I recognise the point that has been well made today, that we must always seek to improve and to go further and faster. I look forward to working with all Members present and others across the House to achieve that.