Written Evidence Sep. 12 2023
Inquiry: Gambling regulationFound: GAM0165 - Gambling regulation Primary Care Gambling Service Written Evidence
Asked by: Lord Bishop of St Albans (Bishops - Bishops)
Question to the Cabinet Office:
To ask His Majesty's Government how many deaths occurred in England and Wales in (1) 2019, (2) 2020, (3) 2021, and (4) 2022, where malnutrition was either the cause of death or was mentioned anywhere on the death certificate.
Answered by Baroness Neville-Rolfe - Minister of State (Cabinet Office)
The information requested falls under the remit of the UK Statistics Authority.
Please see the response attached from the National Statistician and Chief Executive of the UK Statistics Authority.
The Rt Rev. the Lord Bishop of St Albans
House of Lords
London
SW1A 0PW
25 July 2023
Dear Lord Bishop,
As National Statistician and Chief Executive of the UK Statistics Authority, I am responding to your Parliamentary Questions asking how many deaths occurred in England and Wales in (1) 2019, (2) 2020, (3) 2021 and (4) 2022 where malnutrition was either the cause of death or was mentioned anywhere on the death certificate (HL9519); and how many deaths that occurred in England and Wales in the past four years mentioned gambling anywhere on the death certificate (HL9520).
The Office for National Statistics (ONS) publishes statistics on deaths registered in England and Wales. Mortality statistics are compiled from information supplied when deaths are certified and registered as part of civil registration. Causes mentioned on the death certificate are converted to International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes, with the underlying cause of death defined as the disease or injury that initiated the events that directly lead to the death. At the ONS, we use the term “due to” to refer to the underlying cause of a death and the term “involving” where a cause is mentioned anywhere on the death certificate.
The ICD codes for malnutrition are E40 to E46, which come under the endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases sub-chapter. This consists of:
• E40- Kwashiorkor
• E41- Nutritional Marasmus
• E42- Marasmic kwashiorkor
• E43- Unspecified severe protein-energy malnutrition
• E44- Protein-energy malnutrition of moderate and mild degree
• E45- Retarded development following protein-energy malnutrition
• E46- Unspecified protein-energy malnutrition
Table 1 shows the number of deaths due to and involving malnutrition ICD-10 codes, that occurred from 2019 to 2022, and were registered by 7 July 2023, in England and Wales. Deaths due to malnutrition are very uncommon; mortality data and hospital admissions both show that malnutrition is usually accompanied with several other diagnoses. Further information on the nature of malnutrition as a cause of death can be found on our blog [1] .
The ICD codes for gambling consist of:
• Z72.6- Gambling and betting
• F63.0- Pathological gambling
There were no deaths in the past four years involving gambling ICD-10 codes registered in England and Wales. While these codes exist, they are likely to be used only in the case of medically diagnosed gambling addiction. To identify some deaths involving gambling, we can also use the coroner’s text report from deaths registered involving suicide (ICD codes X60 to X84, Y10 to Y34). It is possible that more suicides were related to gambling, but this cannot be definitively stated, as not all the circumstances are necessarily known or reported in the death registration by the coroner. Table 2 shows the number of deaths where gambling was mentioned in the coroner’s text, that occurred from 2019 to 2022, and were registered by 31 December 2022 [2] , registered in England and Wales.
Yours sincerely,
Professor Sir Ian Diamond
Table 1: Numbers of deaths due to and involving malnutrition, deaths occurring from 1 January 2019 to 31 December 2022, England and Wales [3,4,5,6].
Year | Due to malnutrition | Involving malnutrition |
2019 | 76 | 390 |
2020 | 78 | 383 |
2021 | 85 | 398 |
2022 | 67 | 386 |
Source: Office for National Statistics
Table 2: Numbers of deaths involving intentional self-harm and events of undetermined intent where gambling was mentioned in the coroner’s text, deaths occurring from 1 January 2019 to 31 December 2022, England and Wales [4,7,8].
Year | Involving gambling |
2019 | 4 |
2020 | 4 |
2021 | 1 |
2022 | 0 |
Source: Office for National Statistics
[2] For information on the impact of registration delays please see: https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/birthsdeathsandmarriages/deaths/articles/impactofregistrationdelaysonmortalitystatisticsinenglandandwales/latest
[3] Figures are for deaths occurring in each period and registered by 7 July 2023.
[4] Figures include deaths of non-residents.
[5] International Classification of Diseases 10th edition (ICD-10) codes are as follows; E40, Kwashiorkor; E41, Nutritional marasmus; E42, Marasmic kwashiorkor; E43, Unspecified severe protein-energy malnutrition; E44, Protein-energy malnutrition of moderate and mild degree; E45, Retarded development following protein-energy malnutrition; E46, Unspecified protein-energy malnutrition.
[6] Number of deaths by ICD-10 code are available through our explorable dataset NOMIS from 2013 onwards, this can be accessed here: Nomis - Official Census and Labour Market Statistics - Nomis - Official Census and Labour Market Statistics (nomisweb.co.uk)
[7] Figures are for deaths occurring in each period, and registered by 31 December 2022; death registration data for 2023 are provisional and do not yet provide coroner’s text information.
[8] International Classification of Diseases 10th edition (ICD-10) codes are as follows; X60 to X84 and Y10 to Y34.
May. 16 2024
Source Page: I. Draft Relationships Education, Relationships and Sex Education (RSE) and Health education: Statutory guidance for governing bodies, proprietors, head teachers, principals, senior leadership teams, teachers. 44p. II. Review of the Relationships Education, Relationships and Sex Education (RSE) and Health education statutory guidance. Government consultation. 27p. III. Letter dated 16/05/2024 from Gillian Keegan MP to the Deposited papers clerk regarding the above documents for deposit in the House libraries. 1p.Found: Many aspects of suicide are addressed throughout the mental wellbeing curriculum.
Correspondence Sep. 05 2023
Committee: Culture, Media and Sport Committee (Department: Department for Digital, Culture, Media & Sport)Found: Letter from Charles Ritchie MBE, Co-founder and Co-Chair, Gambling with Lives, relating to oral evidence
Mentions:
1: Carolyn Harris (LAB - Swansea East) Last week, the coroner found that the cause of Luke Ashton’s suicide in April 2021 was gambling disorder - Speech Link
2: Oliver Dowden (CON - Hertsmere) Lady will know from our conversations when I was Digital Secretary that I share her concerns about gambling - Speech Link
Oral Evidence Jul. 18 2023
Inquiry: Gambling regulationFound: Gambling with Lives, and Gambling with Lives Oral Evidence
Oral Evidence Jul. 18 2023
Inquiry: Gambling regulationFound: NHS Northern Gambling Service, Social Market Foundation, and Professor Heather Wardle Oral Evidence
Nov. 28 2023
Source Page: Self harm strategy and action plan 2023 to 2027Found: as eating disorders, smoking, alcohol use, substance use, risky sexual behaviours, violence and gambling
Asked by: Lord Bishop of St Albans (Bishops - Bishops)
Question
To ask His Majesty's Government, further to the Written Answers by (1) Baroness Neville-Rolfe on 11 January (HL4504), and (2) the Parliamentary Under-Secretary at DCMS on 14 December 2021 (88799), why they provided statistics on the amount of customer suicides that have been reported by gambling operators in the past three years in 2021 but not in 2023; and whether they will now provide updated statistics.
Answered by Lord Parkinson of Whitley Bay - Parliamentary Under Secretary of State (Department for Culture, Media and Sport)
In the past three years, the Gambling Commission has published details of two enforcement cases which have had links to deaths by suicide.
The Office for National Stastics’s process of collecting mortality statistics is separate from gambling operator data. The Gambling Commission asks operators to notify the Commission if they are made aware of a death by suicide which may be linked to their gambling facilities. This enables the Commission to make enquiries to determine whether there has been a breach of social responsibility codes and licence conditions and whether compliance or enforcement action is appropriate.
To strengthen provisions further, the Commission has recently opened a consultation on reporting deaths by suicide. The proposals would require licensees to inform the Commission when they become aware that any customer has died by suicide, whether or not there is a clear link to their gambling activity.
Oral Evidence Dec. 05 2023
Inquiry: Men's healthFound: As we are talking about suicide today, we found that 73% of deaths by suicide in 2020 were among men