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The Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Justice (Alex Davies-Jones)
I thank my friend, the right hon. Member for Basildon and Billericay (Mr Holden), for securing this important debate. He eloquently outlined why we cannot overestimate the impact of parental imprisonment on children and their families. He reeled off a lot of stats and figures, but then powerfully backed them up with the children’s stories. Behind every one of those numbers is a child.
Cameron Thomas (Tewkesbury) (LD)
On that point, I could not help but notice that the impacts felt by the children of prisoners, listed by the right hon. Member for Basildon and Billericay (Mr Holden), strikingly resembled the impacts felt by the children of deployed armed forces personnel. Does the Minister agree?
Alex Davies-Jones
I welcome that intervention. As I will explain, it is difficult for any child when a parent is taken away and is unable to be with them. As a parent, I find it really difficult to have to be away from my child for four days a week. I am sure that the hon. Member understands that the impact is in some regard immeasurable. We do not know the impact on those children but, as a Government or as a parent, we try to give them as much support as we can. When one parent is in prison, that is not always possible. This is about what we can do to provide them with that support.
Growing up with a parent in prison is incredibly tough for many children. As the right hon. Member for Basildon and Billericay outlined, it is widely recognised as an adverse childhood experience that affects not just a child’s day-to-day life, but their longer-term opportunities and outcomes. We owe it to every child with a parent in prison to ensure that that disadvantage does not become ingrained from generation to generation.
I am grateful to the organisations that have brought this important issue to the Government’s attention, including the Prison Advice and Care Trust, North Eastern Prison After Care Society and Children Heard and Seen. I also thank my hon. Friends the Members for Bristol East (Kerry McCarthy) and for Brentford and Isleworth (Ruth Cadbury), and the noble Lord Farmer.
These children may have parents in prison, but they too are locked in an invisible cell—one of separation, loss and disruption. The situation is particularly acute for children whose mothers go to jail: around three quarters leave the family home while their mam is locked up, losing not only their parent, but their school and home all at once. Many of the children are passed between family members, but some end up in care.
More broadly, research shows a range of immediate and longer-term effects on children who have parents in prison, including on their physical and mental health, and engagement at school. They are also at risk of following the same path into the criminal justice system. We have to ensure that we reach such families and get them the support they need, and in our manifesto we committed to doing just that.
Mr Holden
I thank the Minister for recognising the work of charities across the country, and I thank Members of both Houses for pushing the issue. Does she also welcome the work of BBC Radio 4’s “Woman’s Hour” a couple of weeks ago? It devoted an entire week to the subject, and had the hon. Member for Rother Valley (Jake Richards) and myself on to talk about it. In doing so, it brought to life some of the stories that we are debating today.
Alex Davies-Jones
I wholly concur with the right hon. Member’s comments. It is important that we talk about the issue more and try to remove some of the stigma, draw back the curtain and show it to the public. It is welcome that we are having this debate to do just that.
In July, the Ministry of Justice produced the first official statistics on the children of prisoners. The Department estimates that over the course of a year, around 193,000 children in England and Wales may be affected by a parent’s being in or going to prison. Identifying and supporting children with a parent in prison is a complex area, and it is crucial that we take a sensitive approach that puts the child’s needs at the centre. The Under-Secretary of State for Education, my hon. Friend the Member for Lewisham East (Janet Daby), has responsibility for children and families, and our officials are working together closely to deliver this commitment as soon as possible.
We are taking a wide approach, with a focus on providing whole-family support that will improve the overall life chances of children and families. Where appropriate and in the best interests of the child, that will include supporting the parent in prison to maintain, build and improve their relationship with their children, which has been shown to smooth reintegration into family and community on release from prison, in turn reducing the risk that the individual will reoffend and improving outcomes for the whole family. However, when contact with the parent in prison is not in the best interests of the child, we have robust safeguarding measures in place to prevent that; the safety of the children will always be the paramount consideration.
Our aims are threefold: first, to reach a higher proportion of these children and build our understanding of their specific needs and circumstances; secondly, to put in place high-quality support to improve outcomes for children of prisoners and their families; and thirdly, to help maintain and improve relationships between children and parents in prison, where that is appropriate and in the interests of the child. I will take each of those in turn.
First, we are exploring new ways of reaching affected children and families to ensure that they are offered the right support. His Majesty’s Prison and Probation Service already has robust safeguarding processes to identify and protect these children where necessary. The Government will also remove parental rights from those who pose a danger to children, to ensure that children are protected from harm. These processes are crucial and we will seek to strengthen them further.
A more bespoke approach is needed to reach a larger number of children and families. There are those who may benefit from support even if there are no safeguarding concerns—especially, as we heard from the hon. Member for Strangford (Jim Shannon), vulnerable adults with parents in prison. We are exploring a range of options, including for how HMPPS can help to encourage more prisoners to voluntarily disclose their parental responsibility, and for how we can better share data between Departments and organisations across criminal justice and family services. There are many great examples of local best practice. The right hon. Member for Basildon and Billericay outlined Operation Paramount in the Thames Valley violence reduction unit. We are continuing to learn from that to determine the best way forward to achieve our aims.
As I said, children who have experienced parental imprisonment are at increased risk of mental illness, poor educational outcomes and unemployment. We want those children and their families to receive the support they need to thrive. Support for children of prisoners will be properly integrated with existing support as part of our ambition to rebalance children’s social care towards earlier intervention while we reform the care system. We want to create an end-to-end system for support—from universal services, including family hubs, through to care—that is more responsive to different needs and how they might change over time.
From April next year, £500 million will be available to local authorities to roll out family help and child protection as a first step towards transforming the system, nearly doubling direct investment in preventive services in 2025-26. Families will have access to family help, which will co-ordinate multi-agency support and with which they can build a trusted relationship and develop a plan based on the child’s individual needs. However, we need to better understand the impact of parental imprisonment on children’s outcomes and general opportunities. The Department for Education is undertaking rapid research—the right hon. Member will appreciate that—and has already brought together dozens of organisations to discuss this. It is identifying what support is already in place, where the gaps lie, and what extra support children of prisoners may need.
Supporting the parent in prison to build and improve their relationship with their children, when appropriate, can help to reduce some of the negative effects of this adverse experience. Family support interventions improve relationships, wellbeing and communication, benefiting the whole family. HMPPS has commissioned rehabilitative services to further this work and provide support on release. That helps strengthen family relationships and supports the transition from prison back into the community.
Prisons across England and Wales already offer a range of services to maintain family relationships, including social visits, family days and collaborations with organisations, and I have been pleased to see some of that at first hand—as an example, I highlight the award-winning charity-led initiative Storybook Mums and Dads, which enables parents in prison to record bedtime stories for their children. We have also invested £10 million to fund partnerships with third sector specialist family support providers who are working in custody. Those partnerships allow establishments to deliver a range of services to maintain and nurture family ties.
I am delighted that, with my colleagues at the Department for Education, we are pressing ahead with work to address this important issue. We are fortunate to be able to draw on a significant amount of knowledge and experience on the issue among our own frontline staff and partners within the voluntary, charity and social enterprise sector, as well as among our renowned academics. Their expertise will be invaluable in ensuring that we get this right.
Officials from the Ministry of Justice and the Department for Education have already met with many of those partners, and I am keen to involve them actively in the development of our work. My colleague, Lord Timpson, has met with the Children’s Commissioner for England to discuss the issue and together with the Under-Secretary of State for Education, they will host a roundtable in the new year to further capture the views of experts.
The Government recognise the significant impact of imprisonment on women with dependent children. With only 12 women’s prisons scattered across the country—and none in Wales—mothers are often held far from their homes and families. Pregnancy, mother and baby liaison officers work in women’s prisons to identify and signpost support for women who are pregnant and/or have been separated from young children. We are also testing new roles to help women to maintain family ties, including prison-based social workers and resettlement family engagement workers.
We are establishing a women’s justice board to provide strategic vision and direction on reforming women’s justice, with the ultimate goal of reducing the number of women in custody. Among other areas of work, the board will focus on issues specific to pregnant women and mothers in the system with young children. More fundamentally, the wider measures aimed at driving down the imprisonment rate that we inherited from the last Government, such as our review of sentencing and focus on reducing reoffending, will help reduce the numbers being affected by the issue, and hopefully keep families together.
The Government want every child to flourish, which means ensuring that those affected by parental imprisonment are properly supported and afforded the same opportunities as their peers. I thank again the right hon. Member for Basildon and Billericay for giving me the opportunity to speak on the matter. I hope that I have assured the House of the importance that we place on the issue and that I have laid out the work that we are undertaking to address it head on.
Question put and agreed to.