Question to the Department of Health and Social Care:

To ask His Majesty's Government what assessment they have made of the effectiveness of attempts to ensure that all involvement of antimicrobial-resistant infections in deaths in England and Wales is recorded and analysed.

The English Surveillance Programme for Antimicrobial Utilisation and Resistance Report (ESPAUR) publishes antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) linked mortality data for England.

The UK Health Security Agency has also developed models to evaluate and report excess deaths, rather than crude mortality rates, due to the most common antibiotic resistant bloodstream infections. These methods are not reliant on death certificates and estimates are included in the 2025 ESPAUR report.

In Wales, AMR surveillance is undertaken by Public Health Wales through its Healthcare Associated Infection, Antimicrobial Resistance and Prescribing Programme, which publishes annual reports on AMR in blood and urine cultures across Wales.