Question to the HM Treasury:

To ask His Majesty's Government what estimate they have made of the tax revenue foregone as a result of UK consumers gambling with unlicensed operators.

HMRC does not produce an estimate of the tax revenue foregone specifically as a result of UK consumers gambling with unlicensed operators.

The tax gap for betting and gaming duties is included within the “other excise duties” tax gap published in Measuring tax gaps 2026.

Limitations in the available data and methods mean that the tax gap for these components cannot be estimated individually. The average percentage revenue losses should therefore not be considered estimates of the true percentage losses from betting and gaming, as they are unknown.