Question to the Department of Health and Social Care:

To ask the Secretary of State for Health and Social Care, whether his Department has contingency plans in place to extend eligibility for coronavirus vaccinations if infection rates rise in winter 2025-26.

The aim of the COVID-19 vaccination programme is to prevent serious disease, hospitalisation and/or mortality arising from COVID-19. Population immunity to COVID-19 has been increasing due to a combination of naturally acquired immunity following recovery from infection and vaccine-derived immunity.

COVID-19 is now a relatively mild disease for most people, though it can still be unpleasant. With rates of hospitalisation and death from COVID-19 having reduced significantly since COVID-19 first emerged, the focus of the independent expert Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation (JCVI) advice programme has moved towards targeted vaccination of the oldest adults and individuals who are immunosuppressed. These are the two groups who continue to be at higher risk of serious disease, including mortality.

On 13 November 2024, the JCVI published advice on who should be offered vaccination in autumn 2025. On 26 June 2025, the Government decided, in line with this advice, that a COVID-19 vaccine should be offered in autumn 2025 to the following groups:

• adults aged 75 years and over;
• residents in a care home for older adults; and
• individuals aged six months and over who are immunosuppressed, as defined in the immunosuppression sections of tables three or four in the COVID-19 chapter of the UK Health Security Agency Green Book.

While the JCVI keeps the available data under regular review, there are no plans to offer vaccination through the national programme outside these JCVI-advised groups for autumn 2025. All those individuals who are eligible are encouraged to take up the offer of vaccination.

The JCVI has advised that the emergence of a new COVID-19 variant of concern which escaped from current widespread immunity, and therefore results in serious disease, in a wider range of individuals, is unlikely. However, if this scenario did emerge, the JCVI does not consider it likely that current vaccines would be effective. This means that expanding groups eligible for vaccination is unlikely to be clinically useful when compared with developing a new variant vaccine matched to the variant of concern. In this scenario, which the JCVI believes to be unlikely, new advice would be required on which groups were at risk of serious disease and should therefore be eligible for vaccination.