Financial Services and Markets Bill [Lords]

Sarah Smith Excerpts

Tuesday 10th November 2026 Commons Chamber

[David Burton-Sampson (Southend West and Leigh) (Lab)]

Having worked for more years than I like to remember in financial services, I recognise the importance of regulation, but I also recognise that at times, regulation can be restrictive to economic growth, and given the size and contribution of the financial and insurance services industry, it is rightly an area of focus for reforms. Consumer protection is vital, but I am pleased that the Bill looks to simplify regulation while maintaining high protections and regulatory standards.

I want to focus on two areas of particular interest to me. The first is the abolition of the Payment Systems Regulator and the transfer of responsibilities to the FCA. When I chaired the all-party parliamentary group on open finance and payments—the hon. Member for Carshalton and Wallington (Bobby Dean) has now taken over—this was a matter of regular discussion and interest for many members. Currently, four bodies are responsible for regulating different parts of the payments system: the Bank of England, the Payment Systems Regulator, the FCA and the PRA. Absorbing the PSR’s responsibilities into the FCA is a sensible reform, and it sits alongside the Government’s plans set out in the “National Payments Vision” in 2024.

The payments sector has spent untold resources trying to satisfy two distinct bureaucratic masters on identical operational metrics, submitting duplicate data on financial crime and systemic resilience. By integrating those systems under a single FCA handbook framework, we can strip out this waste and allow our scaling payments and open banking firms to reinvest that capital back into technical development and national and international growth.

The core message from the industry is that the absorption of the Payment Systems Regulator must be strictly managed to protect the open banking and payments sector from transitional friction, accelerate open banking rails and ensure that a single regulatory structure does not slow down the competitive dynamism of the UK’s payments sector. The Payments Association has warned that without precise detail of the merger, it risks being a “reshuffle” rather than a reform, and we must avoid that.

Another area of particular interest to me is the plan to widen access to credit unions through the expansion of their common bond in clause 2. When I was chair of the all-party parliamentary group on fair banking, I was often lobbied by organisations such as Fair4All Finance, which made passionate calls for the expansion of credit unions and CDFIs. In 2025, there were around 1.53 million credit union members in Great Britain, but that is equivalent to only 2% of our population, compared with around 40% in Northern Ireland and 64% in the Republic of Ireland. Credit unions are much closer to their communities and their members, and therefore much better set up to take objective, local lending decisions, made by a human, based on the circumstances laid out in front of them, as opposed to a “computer says no” approach.

[Sarah Smith (Hyndburn) (Lab)]

My hon. Friend is making a really important argument about the financial inclusion reforms. Does he agree that equally important is the Minister’s commitment to finally tackle in this Bill the age-old problem that the parents of disabled children are unable to access their child trust funds by bringing forward reforms that will take away the bureaucratic Court of Protection process?

[David Burton-Sampson]

My hon. Friend must have been reading my speech, because I am about to talk about financial inclusion, and I agree with her. Having worked in banking when child trust funds came out, I know that they were a fantastic initiative by the former Labour Government, but we now need to close the gap to ensure that those adults—they are no longer children—can get access to the funds, whoever they are.

In the drive for greater financial inclusion, the credit union model can be incredibly effective, so increasing the common bond limit from 3 million members to 10 million members is a positive move forward. While that measure is not in the Bill, I am pleased to hear that it will be implemented via secondary legislation. Relaxing common bond rules on who can be a member—for example, to relatives of an existing member, people who live in the same household as a member, retirees from a firm in the local area, and students who study but do not live in the area—is an excellent feature of the Bill. Those moves are all welcomed by the Association of British Credit Unions Ltd, Fair4All Finance and the Building Societies Association.

Credit unions are invaluable assets in ensuring that people are not financially excluded when they need support the most. An unexpected expense does not disappear because someone cannot access mainstream credit. Expanding access to safe and affordable alternatives to high-cost and illegal lending should remain an important part of the Government’s wider financial inclusion agenda. We should also recognise the key role that credit unions play in encouraging members to save on a regular basis.

I want to see more credit unions opening and expanding across the country. For example, in my constituency, we have access to only one credit union, which is in north London. However, if I search by my childhood home in Liverpool, I see that I would have had access to five different credit unions. In fact, Fair4All Finance carried out research involving 1,000 members across those five credit unions and found that they offered increased access to essential affordable credit, supporting people’s financial resilience. Nearly half of the members’ most recent loans were below £1,000—a market that is not typically served by mainstream lenders, but vital for households managing small ups and downs. The credit unions encouraged the development of saving habits, with nine in 10 members reporting that they saved regularly, and half of the members making regular deposits of £20 or more—that is not much, but it is better than nothing—including those on low incomes. Around eight in 10 respondents reported a positive impact on their wellbeing, mental and physical health and family life as a result of their membership.

--- Later in debate ---

[Jim Dickson (Dartford) (Lab)]

I welcome the Bill, and the opportunity to follow so many excellent contributions this evening, particularly those of the Chair of the Treasury Committee, my hon. Friend the Member for Hackney South and Shoreditch (Dame Meg Hillier), and other colleagues from the Treasury Committee.

One of the key items on our agenda in the Treasury Committee over the past year or so has been the Government’s financial inclusion strategy. We made an important recommendation for Ministers to consider whether the Bill should include further targeted powers to intervene if voluntary action fails to secure reasonable access to essential financial services. I am glad that the Government is doing that; the measures in the Bill will give them more powers to protect access to banking services. So many Members have said this tonight, but I suspect we all have constituents who have seen their access to banking services dramatically reduce in recent years. It is right that the Government are giving themselves powers to address that.

We want our financial services industry to contribute as much as it can to economic growth, and I endorse the changes to the operation of the Financial Conduct Authority and the Prudential Regulation Authority, both of which are regular attenders at our Select Committee and play important roles in our economy. It seems eminently sensible that both should produce long-term strategies that balance their responsibilities as regulators with the Government’s growth objectives, and I know that many across the sector will welcome efforts to streamline their reporting requirements.

My children were of the generation who received child trust fund contributions under the last Labour Government. We promised to create that programme in our 2001 manifesto, and we set it up in 2002. It has assisted many young people with getting started in life. Many invested in ISAs to build up a fund to bring home ownership closer, or funded driving lessons or a first vehicle. It was a tremendous shame that the Government post 2010 scrapped that programme. Inclusion regarding how those child trust funds are managed is critical, and the Bill takes steps to facilitate access to those funds for parents and carers who manage them in situations where the young people concerned are unable to do so themselves. That is long overdue and I, like many others present, have received correspondence from constituents about the issue. I welcome the change.

[Sarah Smith]

It will come as no surprise that I also welcome what my hon. Friend is talking about. Does he share my relief that hundreds of his constituents will finally get access to their £2,600—as will mine in Hyndburn—just the same as those young adults who do not have that problem of lacking capacity?

[Jim Dickson]

My hon. Friend is absolutely right. The funds should be accessible to those young people, and hitherto they have not been. When the money is available, it can help that young person with a start in life and give them the financial means to better themselves at a crucial time. That is a critical measure in the Bill.

Credit unions are also critical to inclusion and to this Bill. The legislation contains some important reforms to help us modernise the sector. I was pleased to visit Wave Community Bank over the summer. Along with Greenwich and Bexley Credit Union, it plays a vital role in supporting residents in Dartford to access affordable credit in times of acute financial stress. Awareness of credit unions remains far too low, and these changes are welcome to ensure that more Dartford residents can join them. We know that 37,000 people across my constituency—almost half the adult population—are in financially vulnerable circumstances. Many people have limited savings and a life event, such as a job loss or a break-up, will leave them in a particularly dire situation. That is where credit unions, as we know, can play a vital role.

Earlier this year, the Government published the outcome of their call for evidence on reform of the common bond, which included proposals welcomed by the Association of British Credit Unions and Fair4All Finance to widen access to membership. Some of the measures announced in the Bill, including steps to allow students studying locally to join or those retired to maintain their access, are incredibly welcome. I understand that the measures to increase the potential membership cap of the common bond will come a bit later through secondary legislation, but I welcome indications from the Government that the cap is likely to be raised to cover a population of as much as 10 million, from the current 3 million. Taken alongside the very welcome credit union transformation fund, which is there to build operational resilience in the sector, I hope the measures will see a long-term, sizeable increase in membership of credit unions across the country and particularly in my constituency, and see the Government deliver an important part of their financial inclusion strategy.

Finally, I join others in expressing concern that the changes to the operation of the Financial Ombudsman Service in clause 6—and in particular the need to refer significant volumes of cases to the FCA—will “gum up the system”, in the words of senior figures in that organisation. This means that consumers may wait longer for less favourable outcomes, which is surely something that Members should not welcome. I am also concerned, alongside others, about the changes to, or indeed the weakening of, the fair and reasonable test in clause 7, as applied to future complaints. Again, this may well reduce the rights of consumers through the process. I hope that when the Minister responds, she will deal with the points made by myself and others about concerns that are clearly important to us all in an otherwise hugely welcome Bill.