National Insurance Contributions (Secondary Class 1 Contributions) Bill

Lord Fuller Excerpts

Committee stage
Thursday 6th February 2025 Grand Committee

Moved by

[Lord Fuller]

70: After Clause 3, insert the following new Clause—
“Impact of this Act on local authoritiesThe Secretary of State must, within six months of the day on which this Act is passed, lay before Parliament an impact assessment of the cost of the provisions of this Act on local authorities.”Member’s explanatory statement
This probing amendment seeks to respond to concerns about increased costs for local authorities.

[Lord Fuller (Con)]

My Lords, since the Great Reform Act of 1832, local authorities have been an integral part of our nation. Joseph Chamberlain unleashed the powers of municipal entrepreneurialism in the 1800s, bringing gas and clean water to the growing metropolis of Birmingham. A new council in Stevenage was created for the first new town, complete with a traffic-free zone opened by Her Majesty the Queen; I know that the noble Baroness, Lady Taylor of Stevenage, has done her bit to shape that town since. To bring us right up to date, the leader of Cornwall Council—another Taylor: my friend Linda Taylor, who has announced that she is stepping down in May—has championed a space port in her county. I congratulate her on those efforts and thank her for her service to the local government family. All those activities are about the 140 things that local authorities do for every family in every street and in every neighbourhood.

For the past 14 years, I have been a vice-chairman of the Local Government Association’s economy and resources panel. Alongside the noble Baroness, Lady Taylor, I led all the district councils in England for our respective parties during Covid, and I remain a councillor, so I know that council finances in England are under pressure like never before. Reductions in grant funding, increases in the scale and complexity of service demand, and the recent spike in inflation and wage costs have created the perfect storm for our town halls.

The fundamental challenge facing the sector is that cost and demand pressures are rising faster than funding. Although inflation has fallen steadily since its peak in 2022-23, significant cost and demand pressures remain in the system in council services. In essence, council revenues tend to grow linearly with the growth in the wider economy; lately, however, costs have grown geometrically in councils, with the demands from homelessness, children’s social care, adult social care and home-to-school transport growing fast and likely to get even worse. The Covid overlay is, of course, a further aggravation.

There comes a moment where the lines of income and demand diverge so much that the gap becomes unbridgeable. That moment was already upon us before the national insurance announcements, and I want to explain its serious and consequential effects. Of the 140 activities undertaken by councils, three are responsible for nearly two-thirds of all the cost: social care in adults and children, and special educational needs. These pressures have seen the greatest increase in cost.

We should get some numbers on the record for the Minister. Increases in cost and demand in adult social care have risen by £3.7 billion—that is, 18%—in the five years since 2019. Spending on children’s social care has increased by 25.7% in real terms in the five years from 2019 to the current year. Growing numbers of children with education, health and care plans mean that money spent on home-to-school transport has risen by 62.7% in the five years to this year. Taken together, the increased demand for services for children with special educational needs and disabilities results in an unexpected current account deficit of £5 billion this year for those services.

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The Government carefully consider the impact of all policies, including the changes to employer national insurance contributions. I know that it will disappoint noble Lords, but for one last time in this Committee, as I have said previously, an assessment of the policy has already been published by HMRC in its tax information and impact note. Furthermore, the OBR’s Economic and Fiscal Outlook sets out the expected macroeconomic impact of those changes. The Government and the OBR have therefore already set out the impacts of the policy change. The Government do not intent to provide further impact assessments. In light of these points, I respectfully ask the noble Lord to withdraw his amendment.

[Lord Fuller (Con)]

My Lords, so often councils and other organisations indulge in special pleading for an exceptional case here or a particular need there. This small debate on my Amendment 70 has shown the gravity of the situation that councils find themselves in. It is the cumulative impacts of this exceptionally damaging proposal which will harm the most vulnerable and those in greatest need. The debate has also shone a light on the efficiencies that councils have taken in aggregate since 2010. Over £24 billion-worth of annual savings have been made by councils, if one takes into account inflation in that period. It has allowed them to keep the wheels on the wagon while suffering a 22.2% reduction in core spending power.

However, there comes a moment when you cannot keep trimming the fat—there is no more fat to trim. This £1.227 billion additional burden on council-tax payers, who are paying their council tax out of their own taxed income, is a real number. I do not dismiss it, as the Minister suggests when he says that it is just an external number and that the Government do not believe anything that does not come out of the Treasury. We heard that argument on the agricultural property relief, for example. “Just trust us on this” is not something that we want to do.

We cannot keep hollowing out local government. I proposed a remedy. Through the Section 34 mechanism, this assessment can and should be made. We can then have a debate, not just for this year but in those following the comprehensive spending review, on what the additional burdens will be. We need to get down to real numbers. I mention Harlow, simply because my noble friend Lady Neville-Rolfe did so. Harlow’s increase in national insurance contributions this year on a £10 million or £11 million budget is over £1 million—and the Government have just given them £198,000. That is the quantum of the shortfall. Not only has that cost been made but their core spending grant has been cut by 21%.

I will not say much more, but we have placed a marker on this point. I am disappointed that we have not answers to all the points. Not having an answer to those questions which I and my noble friends asked invites representations on Report. I expect my noble friends and I will return at that point. In the meantime, I beg leave to withdraw the amendment.

Amendment 70 withdrawn.