Cancer Medicines: Appraisals
Debate between Carolyn Harris and Owen Thompson(1 year, 6 months ago)
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Owen Thompson (Midlothian) (SNP)
It is a pleasure to see you in the Chair, Mrs Harris. I commend the hon. Member for Strangford (Jim Shannon) on securing this important debate. I will do my best to follow the two previous contributions from the hon. Members for Mitcham and Morden (Siobhain McDonagh) and for Chatham and Aylesford (Tracey Crouch) about their personal experience. I cannot contribute to the debate in that way, but I will do what I can.
All our lives have been touched by cancer in one way or another. We all know someone whose life has been changed in some way by the disease. Therefore the appraisal of cancer medicines is of the utmost importance to us all. These medicines give hope and, indeed, life to so many. Yet even something as vital as the evaluation and distribution of cancer medicines did not escape the upheaval of Brexit. The UK ended its membership of the EU three years ago, and that catastrophe, which Scotland did not want, meant that the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency withdrew from the European Medicines Agency. While immediate disruption to patient care was avoided, there have been shortages across the board since Brexit.
In Scotland, the Scottish Medicines Consortium—if I mention it again, it will be easier to say SMC—must review and recommend a new medicine before it can be prescribed on the NHS for routine use. This would take place after a medicine has received a marketing authorisation from the MHRA. The SMC advises and provides recommendations to NHS Scotland. This due diligence must be carried out by medical professionals to ensure everyone’s safety. The Scottish Government remain concerned about the effect of Brexit on the authorisation of medicines, as medicines obviously play a crucial role in the NHS. The authorisation and appraisal of medicines also have a key role in the Scottish Government’s commitment to supporting people to live longer, healthier lives. Diagnosing and treating cancer are a priority for the Scottish Government, which is why they are investing £40 million over five years to support cancer services.
However, the NHS in Scotland has finite resources, and medicines are the second largest item of expenditure for NHS Scotland, so difficult choices have to be made. A number of factors need to be looked at. For example, what benefits does the medicine offer compared with other available treatments? Other factors include the quality of life and amount of extra life that may be gained by patients using the new medicine, how the medicine is administered and whether it will save money later on. Those are all examples of the considerations that have to be included when coming to decisions.
Despite UK Government vows to make the MHRA faster and nimbler, we remain concerned about budget and staff cuts to the organisation. There is also a question about the so-called light-touch approach to authorising generic medicines and relying heavily on approvals from larger regulators in the EU and US. The Financial Times reported that the need for cuts at the MHRA has been driven partly by Brexit and the loss of millions of pounds of annual income from its role in authorising medicines in the EU. There has also been a contraction in UK Government funding after the MHRA was subsumed into the budget of the Department of Health and Social Care, as far as I can see.
The hon. Member for Strangford referred to the payback rate of 26%. That is another thing we must not lose sight of. Two very large pharmaceutical companies have already withdrawn from the voluntary scheme as a result of the increase to the rate, which they claim is now punitive. Any further withdrawals from the scheme will surely only have impacts on patients—the people we all want to be doing everything we can to support.
According to recent research by the Nuffield Trust, although the UK Government and pharmaceutical industry averted immediate disruption to patient care from difficulties in the supply of medicines after leaving the single market, there has been a great level of shortages. A review by Imperial College Business School revealed that fewer novel drugs were authorised by the MHRA in 2021—its first year of independence—than by the European Medicines Agency; the UK saw the approval of 35 drugs, compared with 40 in Europe and 52 in the US. That goes back to the points about the availability of medicines and the options that that then makes available to doctors and their patients. Any reform of the regulatory framework must ensure that patients have a voice; their lived experience must inform regulatory decisions. That is where we can all play our part—by relating the experiences that are brought to us.
A cancer diagnosis can be a heartrending and life-changing event, but it can bring positives, and we can all learn from the experiences of those who have gone through it. We need to do everything we can not to add to that heartache by allowing standards to drop or by creating more red tape that stops people getting the medicines they so urgently need.
Brexit casts a long shadow and it has impacted on this area, so we must ensure that there is no withdrawal from the current EU standards or safety controls on medication. It is in all our interests to ensure that we support the development and appraisal of new medicines. We owe that to all our constituents and none more so than those affected by cancer.
