Asked by: Lord Alton of Liverpool (Crossbench - Life peer)
Question to the Department of Health and Social Care:
To ask His Majesty's Government what percentage of all people in England between the ages of 18 and 24 were prescribed anti-depressants in each year since 2015.
Answered by Baroness Merron - Parliamentary Under-Secretary (Department of Health and Social Care)
The NHS Business Services Authority publishes statistics for anti-depressants prescribed in England that are then dispensed in the community in England, Scotland, Wales, the Isle of Man, or the Channel Islands. The Office for National Statistics publishes estimates of population. Data for 18 to 24 year-olds specifically is not published, but data for 15 to 24 year-olds is available. The following table shows the total number of male and female patients aged 15 to 24 years-old prescribed antidepressants, British National Formulary section 0403, and that number as a percentage of the estimated mid-year population, in the first financial quarter of each year from 2015 to 2023:
Mid-year population year | Financial quarter | Identified patients | Mid-year population estimate | Percentage |
2015 | 2015/16 Q1 | 240,392 | 6,838,939 | 3.5% |
2016 | 2016/17 Q1 | 277,747 | 6,789,198 | 4.1% |
2017 | 2017/18 Q1 | 288,848 | 6,705,571 | 4.3% |
2018 | 2018/19 Q1 | 306,444 | 6,667,086 | 4.6% |
2019 | 2019/20 Q1 | 332,886 | 6,649,338 | 5.0% |
2020 | 2020/21 Q1 | 332,336 | 6,607,988 | 5.0% |
2021 | 2021/22 Q1 | 383,737 | 6,638,826 | 5.8% |
2022 | 2022/23 Q1 | 382,009 | 6,746,650 | 5.7% |
2023 | 2023/24 Q1 | 369,270 | 6,861,435 | 5.4% |
Asked by: Lord Alton of Liverpool (Crossbench - Life peer)
Question to the Department of Health and Social Care:
To ask His Majesty's Government how many anti-depressant prescriptions have been prescribed to patients (1) under the age of 18, and (2) under the age of 25, in each year since 2015.
Answered by Baroness Merron - Parliamentary Under-Secretary (Department of Health and Social Care)
The NHS Business Services Authority publishes statistics for anti-depressants prescribed in England that are then dispensed in the community in England, Scotland, Wales, the Isle of Man, or the Channel Islands. The following table shows the total number of items for antidepressants, British National Formulary section 0403, dispensed to patients aged under 18 years old and patients aged under 25 years old, which includes the items for under 18 year-olds, for the financial years 2015/16 to 2023/24, and a year-to-date figure for 2024/25:
Financial year | Aged under 18 years old | Aged under 25 years old |
2015/16 | 312,113 | 2,477,798 |
2016/17 | 332,706 | 2,759,953 |
2017/18 | 346,126 | 2,910,607 |
2018/19 | 367,850 | 3,202,784 |
2019/20 | 393,762 | 3,525,602 |
2020/21 | 406,391 | 3,890,347 |
2021/22 | 437,365 | 4,170,154 |
2022/23 | 448,515 | 4,119,463 |
2023/24 | 435,992 | 4,033,211 |
April to September 2024 | 176,082 | 1,911,788 |
Total | 3,656,902 | 33,001,707 |
Asked by: Lord Alton of Liverpool (Crossbench - Life peer)
Question to the Department of Health and Social Care:
To ask His Majesty's Government how many "yellow card" reports the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency received for each antidepressant in 2024.
Answered by Baroness Merron - Parliamentary Under-Secretary (Department of Health and Social Care)
The Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) is responsible for ensuring that medicines, medical devices, and blood components for transfusion meet applicable standards of safety, quality, and efficacy. The MHRA rigorously assesses the available data, including from the Yellow Card scheme, and seeks advice from the Commission on Human Medicines, the MHRA’s independent advisory committee, where appropriate, to inform regulatory decisions, including amending the product information.
The MHRA has received a total of 2,911 reports through the Yellow Card scheme for all antidepressant medications between 1 January 2024 and 31 December 2024. The following table shows the number of United Kingdom Yellow Card reports received for adverse reactions, suspected to be associated with antidepressants, in 2024:
Drug substance | Total number of reports |
Agomelatine | 9 |
Amitriptyline | 337 |
Citalopram | 267 |
Clomipramine | 3 |
Dosulepin | 2 |
Doxepin | 3 |
Duloxetine | 270 |
Escitalopram | 160 |
Fluoxetine | 246 |
Fluvoxamine | 5 |
Imipramine | 5 |
Lofepramine | 6 |
Mianserin | 2 |
Mirtazapine | 333 |
Nortriptyline | 34 |
Paroxetine | 46 |
Phenelzine | 3 |
Sertraline | 868 |
Tranylcypromine | 1 |
Trazodone | 38 |
Tryptophan | 40 |
Venlafaxine | 240 |
Vortioxetine | 69 |
It is important to note that the inclusion of a particular report on the MHRA’s Yellow Card system does not necessarily mean that the adverse reactions reported have been caused by the suspect drug. Additionally, the number of reports received should not be used as a basis for determining the incidence of a reaction, as neither the total number of reactions occurring, nor the number of patients using the drug, is known. Some antidepressants are licensed for several different mental health conditions and may be recommended before other treatments in clinical guidance. It is therefore important not to compare numbers of reports for each antidepressant, as usage will differ.
Asked by: Lord Alton of Liverpool (Crossbench - Life peer)
Question to the Department of Health and Social Care:
To ask His Majesty's Government how many anti-depressant prescriptions were prescribed to patients under the age of 19 by (1) psychiatrists, (2) general practitioners, and (3) other medical specialists, in each year since 2015.
Answered by Baroness Merron - Parliamentary Under-Secretary (Department of Health and Social Care)
The NHS Business Services Authority (NHSBSA) does not hold data on anti-depressant prescriptions authorised by psychiatrists specifically, but does hold data for the following three categories: hospital prescriber; general practitioner prescriber; and additional prescriber.
This answer is based on the information extracted from the NHSBSA’s ePACT2 database, using British National Formulary section 0403 for antidepressant drugs, prescribed in England.
The following table shows the total number of prescriptions for antidepressant items prescribed to patients aged 18 years old and under, by prescriber type, for the financial years 2015 to 2024, and the financial year to date for 2024/25, from April to October:
Financial year | General practitioner prescriber | Hospital prescriber | Additional prescriber including non-medical prescriber | Total items |
2015/16 | 515,803 | 8,737 | 8,873 | 533,413 |
2016/17 | 551,901 | 6,143 | 11,056 | 569,100 |
2017/18 | 580,772 | 5,853 | 14,254 | 600,879 |
2018/19 | 611,785 | 7,150 | 17,681 | 636,616 |
2019/20 | 640,218 | 11,832 | 23,367 | 675,417 |
2020/21 | 648,252 | 11,334 | 30,274 | 689,860 |
2021/22 | 702,546 | 12,975 | 33,895 | 749,416 |
2022/23 | 720,132 | 16,917 | 36,994 | 774,043 |
2023/24 | 692,467 | 20,393 | 38,775 | 751,635 |
2024/25 | 384,561 | 14,755 | 24,381 | 423,697 |
Asked by: Lord Alton of Liverpool (Crossbench - Life peer)
Question to the Department of Health and Social Care:
To ask His Majesty's Government what action they are taking (1) to end the delays at the Royal Liverpool Hospital’s Accident and Emergency Unit which are reportedly up to 50 hours, and (2) to address the decision of the Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust to declare a "critical incident" due to "exceptionally high demand".
Answered by Baroness Merron - Parliamentary Under-Secretary (Department of Health and Social Care)
NHS England’s regional teams are working closely with the integrated care boards to ensure that appropriate action is being taken to address and mitigate the issues identified within each declared critical incident, including at the Royal Liverpool Hospital. This includes actions to support the flow of patients through the hospital and the reprioritising of resources to support urgent and emergency care.
Asked by: Lord Alton of Liverpool (Crossbench - Life peer)
Question to the Department of Health and Social Care:
To ask His Majesty's Government what is their most recent estimate of the quantity by weight of (1) illegal bush meat products and (2) other illegal, non-compliant or contaminated meat products, illegally imported into the UK each year.
Answered by Baroness Merron - Parliamentary Under-Secretary (Department of Health and Social Care)
The Food Standards Agency does not collect the inland data required at a commodity or establishment level to be able to estimate the quantity by weight of illegal, non-compliant, or contaminated meat products, illegally imported into the United Kingdom each year. Local authorities in England and Wales hold primary responsibility for acting against businesses identified as importing, trading, or selling such products. As such, data on these seizures is held by each individual local authority.
Asked by: Lord Alton of Liverpool (Crossbench - Life peer)
Question to the Department of Health and Social Care:
To ask His Majesty's Government how many Yellow Card reports of sexual dysfunction and persistent sexual dysfunction the MHRA received for bupropion in each year since 2014; and what consideration NHS England has given to adding sexual dysfunction as a side effect on the patient information leaflets for bupropion.
Answered by Baroness Merron - Parliamentary Under-Secretary (Department of Health and Social Care)
In the United Kingdom there are two authorised products containing bupropion. The first contains bupropion hydrochloride and is prescribed to help individuals stop smoking, when they also have motivational support, for instance through a stop smoking programme. The second is a combination product containing bupropion hydrochloride and naltrexone hydrochloride, and is prescribed in obese or overweight adults to manage weight, together with a reduced calorie diet and physical exercise.
The Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) has received three Yellow Card reports of sexual dysfunction related reactions suspected to be associated with bupropion hydrochloride, the single constituent, and one Yellow Card report of sexual dysfunction for the combination product, bupropion hydrochloride and naltrexone hydrochloride, between 1 January 2014 and 29 October 2024.
The following table shows the number of suspected Yellow Card reports of sexual dysfunction related reactions and bupropion containing products received by the MHRA between 2014 and 2024:
Year | Reports of sexual dysfunction single constituent bupropion | Reports of sexual dysfunction combination product bupropion and naltrexone |
2014 | 0 | 0 |
2015 | 0 | 0 |
2016 | 0 | 0 |
2017 | 0 | 0 |
2018 | 0 | 0 |
2019 | 0 | 0 |
2020 | 1 | 1 |
2021 | 0 | 0 |
2022 | 1 | 0 |
2023 | 0 | 0 |
2024 | 1 | 0 |
Source: data provided by the MHRA.
Note: the data includes reactions grouped under the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities’ (MedDRA) Higher Level Terms: erection and ejaculation conditions and disorders; orgasmic disorders and disturbances; sexual and gender identity disorders NEC; sexual arousal disorders; sexual desire disorders; sexual dysfunction NEC; sexual function and fertility disorders NEC; and spermatogenesis and semen disorders.
Persistent sexual dysfunction does not represent a specific medical condition, so this precise term is not a category available to undertake a structured search of the MHRA’s Adverse Drug Reaction database, and would rely on manual assessment of individual cases. The structured data field search terms are drawn from the regulatory drugs dictionary, MedDRA, or from terms adopted in clinical coding guidance such as the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders or the International Classification of Diseases.
It is important to note that the inclusion of a particular report on the MHRA’s system does not necessarily mean that the adverse reactions reported have been caused by the suspect drug. Additionally, the number of reports received should not be used as a basis for determining the incidence of a reaction, as neither the total number of reactions occurring, nor the number of patients using the drug, is known.
The product information, which includes the patient information leaflet, for single constituent bupropion reflects the data currently available, and does not include sexual dysfunction as a possible side effect. The product information for the combination bupropion and naltrexone product contains the terms loss of libido, libido disorder, and erectile dysfunction. As with other medicines, the safety of bupropion is kept under review by the MHRA, and consideration will be given to any emerging evidence on this issue.
Asked by: Lord Alton of Liverpool (Crossbench - Life peer)
Question to the Department of Health and Social Care:
To ask His Majesty's Government what discussions they have had with the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency about expediting the use of phage treatments in last-resort medical cases.
Answered by Baroness Merron - Parliamentary Under-Secretary (Department of Health and Social Care)
The Government is committed to supporting innovation and the development of new, safe, and effective medicines. Officials in the Department are working closely with the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) to explore the use of bacteriophages, also known as phages.
Although there are currently no licensed bacteriophage medicines in the United Kingdom, patients may still access them as part of a clinical trial, as unlicensed medicines, or as medicines prepared under the supervision of a pharmacist.
The MHRA is actively developing non-binding, regulator-agnostic information to help innovators understand what type of quality, safety, and efficacy data is needed by regulators to evaluate phage products for market authorisation.
Asked by: Lord Alton of Liverpool (Crossbench - Life peer)
Question to the Department of Health and Social Care:
To ask His Majesty's Government how many prescriptions for bupropion were issued in each year since 2014; and what was the annual cost to the National Health Service of those prescriptions for each of those years.
Answered by Baroness Merron - Parliamentary Under-Secretary (Department of Health and Social Care)
The attached table shows the number of prescriptions issued for buproprion and the net ingredient cost (NIC) from 2014 to 2023, and from January to August for 2024, as this is the latest data available.
Based on the information within the Prescription Cost Analysis published statistics from the NHS Business Services Authority, there are two chemical formulations that include buproprion, those being: bupropion hydrochloride; and the combination of naltrexone and buproprion. It should also be noted that the total NIC shown in the attached table is the basic price of the prescribed medicine before discounts, dispensing costs, or fees. This includes items that have been dispensed in the community in England regardless of where prescribed.
Asked by: Lord Alton of Liverpool (Crossbench - Life peer)
Question to the Department of Health and Social Care:
To ask His Majesty's Government what assessment they have made of (1) the quality of maternity services across England and, in particular, of reports about unnecessary deaths or injuries to mothers and babies in units in Shrewsbury, Telford and Nottingham; (2) of the role played by claimant lawyers in securing justice for victims or their families; and (3) of the impact of the culture of the NHS in responding to claims in respect of such injuries and deaths.
Answered by Baroness Merron - Parliamentary Under-Secretary (Department of Health and Social Care)
We are taking the findings and recommendations made in independent reviews and reports into maternity services, including the Shrewsbury and Telford Hospital NHS Trust, very seriously. This includes the need to develop and sustain a culture of safety, learning, and support within the National Health Service, which has formed part of NHS England’s Three year delivery plan for maternity and neonatal services. We will carefully consider the findings of the Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust when it reports next year.
It is right that where people have been negligently harmed by the NHS, they are able to receive appropriate compensation. It is the role of NHS Resolution (NHSR) to manage clinical negligence claims against the NHS in England. NHSR is accountable to the Department, and its performance is subject to regular review. However, NHSR is responsible for its own management of individual claims. The Government has not made a general assessment of the role claimants lawyers play in NHS litigation claims.
NHSR has a responsibility to resolve claims promptly and fairly, and to defend unmeritorious claims to secure NHS resources. The large majority of claims, 81%, are settled without court proceedings.