Question to the Department for Energy Security & Net Zero:

To ask His Majesty's Government how many Memorandums of Understanding and other non-legally binding agreements, that do not have the status of a Treaty that have not otherwise been brought to the attention of Parliament, have been agreed by (1) the Department for Energy Security and Net Zero, and (2) its arm’s-length bodies, with (a) foreign governments, (b) local, regional or state-level government tiers of foreign countries, or (c) supranational organisations, since 4 July 2024.

It is longstanding practice across Government for departments to enter into memoranda of understanding and similar arrangements with a range of partners where this helps to provide clarity and structure to those relationships.

This practice did not change in July 2024, and examples of arrangements agreed by DESNZ since that date include, a Memorandum of Co-operation in the field of offshore wind between DESNZ/DBT and Japan, agreed in March 2025; a Memorandum of Understanding between the UK and China on Climate Change Cooperation, agreed in June 2025; an Energy Transition Memorandum of Understanding agreed with the Netherlands in July 2025; and a Memorandum of Understanding between the UK and the State of California on climate, clean energy and environment cooperation, agreed in February 2026.

Non-legally binding agreements are not routinely published or notified to Parliament, in line with HMG policy on non- legally binding instruments.