Question to the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs:

To ask the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, pursuant to the Answer of 10 May 2023 to Question 183643 on Public Health, what other types of (a) financial and (b) societal costs are caused by air pollution.

Air pollution can have adverse effects on human health, labour productivity, crop yields, the natural environment, and the built environment. In March 2023 Defra updated its damage costing guidance, which can be found here.