Question to the Department for Transport:

To ask the Secretary of State for Transport, how many vehicles fitted with a prohibited defeat device have had an emissions-related fix since 2015.

The Government is committed to reducing air pollution from all forms of transport, which has significantly reduced since 2010. Emissions of nitrogen oxides have fallen by 45% and emissions of PM2.5 by 10% since that date.

The DVSA Market Surveillance Unit will continue to conduct a vehicle-emissions testing programme to monitor vehicle emissions performance and address non-compliance where identified.

Since 2015, there have been 134 manufacturer recalls or non-code actions involving a total of 1.85 million vehicles to amend or upgrade emissions systems. Not all action will have been to address non-compliance.