Obstructive Sleep Apnoea

Meg Munn Excerpts

Tuesday 2nd September 2014 Westminster Hall

[Meg Munn (Sheffield, Heeley) (Lab/Co-op)]

I congratulate my hon. Friend the Member for Bolton West (Julie Hilling) on securing the debate and thank her for allowing me to make a very short contribution. The link between OSA and road traffic accidents is well established, and I was alerted to that fact when the nephew of one of my constituents was killed by a lorry driver with undiagnosed sleep apnoea. According to medical experts, 10% to 20% of lorry drivers—that could be as many as 40,000 drivers—may suffer from sleep apnoea. The Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents estimates that one third of road accidents are caused by somebody at work. In 2012, the number of people killed in road accidents was 1,754, so we are talking about approximately 600 deaths involving people who drive for work. [Interruption.]

[Mr Dai Havard (in the Chair)]

Order. I am going to have to stop you, because we have a procedure issue here. The Minister did not understand that you were going to make a contribution.

[The Minister of State, Department of Health (Norman Lamb)]

I am happy for the hon. Lady to make a contribution, but it needs to be brief.

[Meg Munn]

I am coming to the end, Mr Havard. In fact, I would have finished—

[Mr Dai Havard (in the Chair)]

If I had not intervened.

--- Later in debate ---

[Meg Munn]

The point that I want to make is that the Health and Safety Executive does not investigate such deaths. Will the Minister press his colleagues in the Department for Work and Pensions to get the Health and Safety Executive to look at road deaths and not to ignore a major concern about driving at work, in which OSA plays a significant part?

[The Minister of State, Department of Health (Norman Lamb)]

It is a pleasure to serve under your chairmanship, Mr Havard. I congratulate the hon. Member for Bolton West (Julie Hilling) on securing the debate. One of the great benefits of Adjournment debates is that they force Ministers to focus on one condition among the array of things that we have to deal with, and this debate puts an important spotlight on OSA. I will take up with Professor Mike Morgan, the national clinical director for respiratory disease, the issues that the hon. Lady has raised. In accordance with the request from the hon. Member for Sheffield somewhere or other—

[Meg Munn]

Heeley.

[Norman Lamb]

In accordance with the request of the hon. Member for Sheffield, Heeley (Meg Munn), I will write to the Health and Safety Executive. She made a good point, and I am happy to raise it directly with the HSE. Those are serious issues, and they deserve to be taken seriously.

The case studies provided by the hon. Member for Bolton West clearly demonstrated the benefit of accessing treatment, and the impact that treatment can have on someone’s life. I agree with the hon. Member for somewhere near Liverpool—

[Norman Lamb]

I apologise; I agree with the hon. Member for West Lancashire (Rosie Cooper) that that is a no-brainer. As other hon. Members have said, we must raise awareness and understanding not only among the general public but among clinicians and general practitioners, because a problem with diagnosis may arise because a GP does not recognise the need for a referral. As the hon. Member for Strangford (Jim Shannon)—I think I have got his constituency right, at least—has said, we must work with the devolved Administrations and ensure that we raise awareness of the condition across the United Kingdom.

As the case studies demonstrate, OSA can have a huge impact on the quality of life of those who suffer from the condition and their families, which the example of Steve demonstrates so graphically. OSA can contribute to other long-term health conditions, such as high blood pressure, stroke, diabetes and, critically, mental health issues. The hon. Member for Bolton West made a point about Steve contemplating suicide, and we often forget about the close connection between many long-term conditions and the mental health issues that can go with them. People suffer depression because of an inability to escape their condition.

As we have heard, OSA can also lead to serious, even fatal, accidents. The statistic that there may be 40,000 preventable road traffic accidents is extraordinary. The issue is driver fatigue. Sleep apnoea sufferers are thought to be seven times more likely to cause crashes than drivers without the condition. The challenges posed by OSA should not be underestimated. In the UK it is thought that some 4% of middle-aged men and 2% of middle-aged women suffer from OSA, which in many cases requires lifetime treatment of the sort described by the hon. Lady. A further complication is that, as she describes, OSA is often left undiagnosed because people with the condition usually have no memory of some of the key symptoms, such as interrupted breathing during sleep, so they may be completely unaware that they have a problem unless a partner happens to raise it with them.

The NHS outcomes framework for 2014-15 sets out the Department’s priority areas for the NHS and includes reducing deaths from respiratory disease as a key indicator. Additionally, the mandate sets out the requirement for NHS England to improve outcomes in a range of areas, including preventing premature deaths from the biggest killers, which include respiratory illnesses, and supporting people with long-term physical conditions such as sleep apnoea. Incidentally, it will be interesting to see the economic impacts that the report will set out. I am happy to take that up with the national clinical director, too.

Our “Living Well for Longer” report, which was launched in April 2014, sets out what the health and care system will do to achieve the Government’s objective to be among the best in Europe at reducing levels of premature mortality. The report brings together in one place the national actions taken by the Department and the wider Government, NHS England and Public Health England on prevention, early diagnosis and treatment, focusing on the five big killers, including lung diseases, and showing how they will support local leadership and interventions.

Local clinical commissioning groups are responsible for assessing the needs of their local populations and for commissioning services to meet those needs. For patients with OSA, NHS England expects CCGs to take the NICE guidelines into account when deciding what services should be made available. NICE has recommended continuous positive airway pressure as a treatment option for adults with moderate or severe symptomatic OSA or hypopnoea syndrome, where certain clinical criteria are met. NHS commissioners are legally required by regulations to fund that treatment, where clinicians wish to use it.

Continuous positive airway pressure is currently the only technology recommended for OSA in NICE technology appraisal guidance. The hon. Lady mentioned a referral to NICE for a quality standard, and I am happy to write to NICE. She will understand that NICE is independent, and it is important to respect that independence, but I am happy to ask NICE where that issue is in the work stream of quality standards that are waiting to be addressed. That work will be completed by 2017, which is the long-stop date. I will check, and I am happy to write to her to confirm the position.

Although it is not always possible to prevent OSA, making certain lifestyle changes may reduce a person’s risk of developing it. Those changes include losing weight, limiting alcohol consumption and stopping smoking. The Government are acutely aware of the damage being done to the population’s health through smoking and harmful drinking, which is why we have set out clear ambitions for driving down the prevalence of smoking and reducing the incidence of alcohol-related disease in our tobacco control plan and our alcohol strategy respectively.

We have ensured that NHS health check, a key programme to address systematically the top seven causes of preventable mortality, includes identifying and helping people to take action to quit smoking, maintain a healthy body weight and reduce alcohol consumption. All those issues, of course, have an impact on a range of conditions, including vascular dementia and heart disease, but they are also relevant to sleep apnoea, and we ought to be doing more to address the issues that could prevent the condition.

Through the responsibility deal, we are actively working with business to take voluntary action on calorie reduction and food labelling to help people make healthier eating choices. That is already delivering change and making a real difference. The Change4life social marketing campaign is encouraging individuals to make simple changes, such as reducing their calorie consumption and being more active. One of the key challenges in tackling OSA, as several hon. Members have said, is raising awareness of the condition. It can be difficult for sufferers to detect OSA themselves, and it often goes undiagnosed as a result. In fact, it is estimated that in this country up to 3% of adults across all age groups have undiagnosed OSA, which is an extraordinary number. There are then the associated accidents.

Surveys carried out by the British Lung Foundation in 2011 and 2014 to measure awareness of OSA show that awareness of the condition has risen significantly, which we should applaud. Awareness has especially risen among men, who are most at risk, and in areas with a high risk of OSA. I pay tribute to the British Lung Foundation, which has worked collaboratively with the hon. Member for Bolton West, and the important work of its obstructive sleep apnoea project that aims to improve diagnosis and raise awareness of the condition. The project’s successes include the largest survey of OSA sufferers ever undertaken, a UK-wide mapping tool of sleep services and prevalence of known OSA risk factors and a media campaign that reached at least 48 million people.

It was a privilege for me to attend the recent opening of the Breathe Easy North Norfolk group. Breathe Easy groups have the potential to be incredibly powerful, and they are run by their members with help and support from the British Lung Foundation. Breathe Easy groups provide support and information to people living with a lung condition, as well as those who look after them.

Those are all examples of highly valuable initiatives led by the British Lung Foundation that have a huge impact on the lives of a great number of OSA sufferers in the UK. The effects of sleep apnoea are potentially devastating, and the condition affects thousands of people in this country, many of whom are not aware of the problem even when they are feeling its effects. It is vital that the NHS continues to work hard not only to reduce the number of premature deaths from all respiratory illnesses, including OSA, but to support people with long-term conditions better, regardless of where they live. I assure the hon. Lady that the Government will continue to work hard to improve outcomes for all those in society who have, or are at risk of, a long-term condition such as sleep apnoea.

I reiterate the point made by other hon. Members that the analysis of the economic case demonstrates that much better preventive work ultimately saves money, as well as having a massive impact on individual lives. I strongly feel that we need a shift of emphasis to focus much more on prevention.

[Meg Munn]

As there is a bit of time remaining, may I press the Minister on the Health and Safety Executive? We do not currently know how many accidents involve sleep apnoea, and we might need to consider not only more action on the health side but more action to ensure that employers are screening drivers who are particularly at risk.

[Norman Lamb]

I indicated earlier that I am happy to write to the Health and Safety Executive, and I will ensure that the Hansard report of this debate is referred to it so that the hon. Lady’s point can be taken up. I will also write to the national clinical director and NICE. I hope those actions will contribute to the objective, which we all share, of raising awareness and getting the system to be much better at intervening earlier to help people with conditions. Such intervention can have a massive impact on people’s lives and, with a bit of support and access to treatment, can completely transform the lives of those individuals.