High Cost Credit Bill
Debate between Mark Durkan and Gareth Thomas
Mr Thomas
The hon. Lady makes an extremely good point and I hope that even at this late stage her words might encourage the Minister to encourage the Whips to allow the Bill to progress to Committee so that we can talk these issues through in more detail.
The OFT’s report in March demonstrated the clear need for many of the measures proposed by my hon. Friend the Member for Sheffield Central. Indeed, I was struck in late June by the fact that the OFT, in the rationale behind its reference of the payday lending industry to the Competition Commission, asserted that payday lenders appear to derive up to 50% of their revenue from loans that are unaffordable. Borrowers essentially pay far more than expected through roll-overs, additional interest and charges. The OFT seems to be saying, albeit very politely, that £1 billion of the £2 billion the industry was worth in 2011-12 was made by exploiting the most vulnerable. Those are business practices of which the sheriff of Nottingham would be proud.
Important as the Competition Commission’s work will be, my hon. Friend’s Bill gives the House an opportunity to put in place a series of sensible reforms. He shrewdly allows time for consultation on the details and I welcome the opportunity the Bill gives for new powers for the FCA to restrict the amount of high-cost credit that can be advanced to an individual, to limit the level of charges, to deal with the roll-over lending issue that many Members have talked about as well as the way in which advertising takes place, and to require lenders to help fund debt advice.
It is important to acknowledge that there is clearly a market for short-term lending and that the alternatives to high-cost credit are either not available or not as flexible or responsive as many consumers would like. Clearly in our collective response as policy makers we need to avoid being so draconian that we completely kill off interest from responsible businesses as that would make people vulnerable to illegal moneylenders—loan sharks.
As well as the actions advocated by my hon. Friend the Member for Sheffield Central and the work of the OFT and Competition Commission to root out the worst behaving businesses, more action is needed to create viable alternatives to the payday lending business model. In days gone by, the social fund might have offered a credible alternative to a payday lender, but the cuts to the fund and its devolution to local authorities mean that access to social fund loans is increasingly a postcode lottery.
Credit unions are the other key alternative. The cost of a single loan with a credit union can be hundreds of pounds cheaper than a high-cost credit loan. Two examples are worth sharing. A £300 loan taken out over 52 weeks from Provident Financial at 272% APR costs £246 in interest. The same loan from a credit union for the same period at their maximum 26% APR costs just £38 in interest. That is dramatically cheaper. A £300 payday loan from Wonga at 4,214% APR over just one month costs £95.89 in interest. The same loan from a credit union costs just £6 in interest.
Sadly, in this country credit unions are still too limited in their reach and coverage. The Government, to be fair, have continued, like the last Labour Government, to invest in credit unions and to make sensible reforms, but a bolder set of measures is needed to reform the reach of credit unions. In the UK, just over 1 million people are members of credit unions, and I declare an interest as a member of the Rainbow Saver Anglia credit union and Harrow’s M for Money credit union.
Local authorities, social housing landlords, and other parts of the public sector, such as Transport for London and the Metropolitan police, should have an obligation to promote credit union membership to their staff. In the US, Canada and Australia, and even in Ireland, more than 25% of the population are credit union members. Indeed, I think the biggest credit union in the world is Navy Federal in the US. It is the credit union for the American armed forces, with more than 3 million US servicemen and women, from special forces soldiers through to navy cooks, as members. Why do our military not have the same offer for our soldiers and sailors?
Mark Durkan
I speak as the Member of the House who has the highest rate of credit union membership among his constituents. Is my hon. Friend aware that credit unions are now reporting a concern that some debt advisers are telling people to max the loan that they can get from the credit union and use that to discharge their debt to payday lenders? Then the credit union is quickly hit with an insolvency voluntary agreement. That is having an effect now on lending decisions taken by credit unions. It is potentially limiting the good that they can do, which he is highlighting.
Mr Thomas
I am not aware of such circumstances in my area, but my hon. Friend makes a wider point about the crisis that payday lending has induced for many people, and its roll-over impact on credit unions. That seems to be another issue that would be worth teasing out in Committee.
Perhaps, when we get to Committee, I might tempt my hon. Friend the Member for Sheffield Central to look again at the wording of his clause 4 proposals for a levy on lenders to fund the Money Advice Service. Good as that is, I wonder whether a levy to help to fund the expansion of credit unions is equally urgent, particularly those credit unions in areas of deprivation that have the capacity to offer the equivalent of payday lending products, albeit with far lower interest rates, and therefore much more affordably. Perhaps if we are able to persuade the Friday wolves to allow the Bill to progress, we might have a useful debate on that point. We certainly need to be far more ambitious about the reach of credit unions.
Lastly, I gently suggest to my hon. Friend one further refinement to his Bill. We need a culture of openness across financial services, as exists, for example, in the United States. By that I mean that we need to get down to local community level—postcode level—to find out what financial services businesses are lending, how they are lending and to whom they are lending. The data should be anonymised, to protect individuals’ confidentiality. That would help us target much better where investment in debt advice, credit unions or community banking services is needed.
In Thamesmead in south-east London, not one bank branch is open. It is an area that serves some 55,000 people, and the nearest bank branch is 30 to 40 minutes away by public transport. Lack of access to bank branches limits access to mainstream credit and increases the vulnerability of people and the demand for high-cost credit products. To be fair to the Government, the banks have had some pressure from Ministers, as well as from our ranks, finally to begin to publish some of their lending data, although they are taking a long time to do so. Inevitably, the data will need refining to be useful. That openness is important. The FCA will need to be tough with the financial services industry to get useful banking openness data. We need to make sure that we include the payday lending industry within the scope of that published data so that we have a proper sense of access to financial services in each community. I hope that if the Bill gets into Committee my hon. Friend might be open to an amendment, perhaps to the schedules, that allows the FCA to impose as part of the mix of requirements a need for anonymised lending data by payday lenders to be made public.
My hon. Friend’s Bill has the potential to make a real difference in curbing the activities of the worst players in the financial services industry. His approach has been exemplary in working with Members on all sides of the House and in wanting to consult before imposing the detail of legislation. Even at this late stage, I hope that his arguments will persuade the Government to think again and allow the Bill to make progress.