Undersea Cables

Debate between Earl Russell and Lord Vallance of Balham

Tuesday 3rd December 2024 Lords Chamber

[Lord Vallance of Balham (Lab)]

At the moment, the answer is neither, because an investigation is being undertaken by Lithuanian, Swedish, Finnish and German ministries to try to understand exactly what went on. Until that report is out, it is premature to speculate.

[Earl Russell (LD)]

My Lords, it is not just undersea fibre-optic cables which bring vital supplies to our shores. UK energy security is highly dependent on undersea gas pipelines and electricity interconnectors. Recently, we have seen reports of suspicious Russian ships near Norwegian gas hubs. Pat McFadden has warned of cyberattacks on our energy networks. Can the Minister reassure us that the UK Government are actively working with our allies to provide adequate protection for our undersea energy infrastructure?

[Lord Vallance of Balham (Lab)]

I thank the noble Earl for the question. This is an important area. As I have said, most of the breaks are not malign, but there is, of course, that risk. Regular reviews are undertaken as part of the national risk assessment. The MoD works with DSIT and others to look at what the risks are. We also work continuously with partners, including NATO. In 2023, there was a specific NATO action to look at critical undersea infrastructure co-ordination to make sure that a response and detection system was in place.

Artificial Intelligence: Regulation

Debate between Earl Russell and Lord Vallance of Balham

Thursday 17th October 2024 Lords Chamber

[Lord Vallance of Balham (Lab)]

The reason we are establishing the prospect of an AI Act is to look at those models that are the ones that are at the biggest forefront in general use and carry with them specific opportunities and risks that require that specific legislation. It is not the case that that is true for every aspect of the application of AI in every single area, much of which can be covered by existing regulation and can be dealt with by regulators, provided that they are appropriately reinforced with the skills, capabilities and knowledge required.

[Earl Russell (LD)]

My Lords, if a photograph tells 1,000 words, an AI-generated image can tell 1,000 lies. As a photographer, I am concerned about altered or manipulated imagery in journalism and on social media. Generative AI images used in journalism will soon be good enough to blur our ability to discern truth from fiction. What are the Government doing to support a move to a standard of authenticity signatures on real images, so that all photographs can be quickly verified as either real or AI-generated?

[Lord Vallance of Balham (Lab)]

This again is a very important area in which there are rapid technological advances. Watermarking to enable understanding of what is original and what is not, and indeed what component of originality is in any finished product, is an important development that is not there yet but is on the way. In the meantime, there are specific provisions in the Online Safety Bill to make sure that the most egregious examples of this are caught—and, indeed, are illegal.

Framework Convention on Artificial Intelligence

Debate between Earl Russell and Lord Vallance of Balham

Tuesday 15th October 2024 Lords Chamber

[Lord Vallance of Balham (Lab)]

The convention has been signed by the US as well as the EU, the UK and various other nations. On the point about red tape, it is very important that, as we think about AI, we do not introduce measures which restrict innovation. At the investment summit yesterday, Eric Schmidt said very clearly that some guidelines are rather important; otherwise, companies do not have certainty and cannot progress. Getting that balance—getting some guidelines without restrictions—will be our clear priority.

[Earl Russell (LD)]

My Lords, given the Lord Chancellor’s statement that the framework

“convention is a major step to ensuring that these new technologies can be harnessed without eroding our oldest values, like human rights and the rule of law”,

and given that the convention is specifically designed to protect human rights, democracy and the rule of law, is it not crucial that this be reflected and implemented in the AI Bill as promised in the Labour Party’s manifesto, and will the Minister confirm that it will be?

[Lord Vallance of Balham (Lab)]

We have signed the convention and will bring it forward in the usual way—it will not happen overnight—providing a chance for wide consultation and consideration in Committee as it is laid before Parliament. The AI Bill itself is of course a different proposition.